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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Agor/a

A

Marketplace

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1
Q

Acr/o

A

Extremities or top

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2
Q

Caus/o

A

Burning

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3
Q

Cerebell/o

A

Cerebellum

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4
Q

Claustr/o

A

Barrier

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5
Q

Concuss/o

A

Shaken together, violently agitated

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6
Q

Contus/o

A

Bruise

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7
Q

Deliri/o

Hallucin/o

A

Wandering in the mind

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8
Q

Delus/o

A

Delude, mock, cheat

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9
Q

Ech/o

Son/o

A

Sound

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10
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

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11
Q

Esthet/o

-esthesia

A

Feeling, sense of perception

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12
Q

Isch/o

A

To hold back

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13
Q

-mania

A

Obsessive preoccupation

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14
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord

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15
Q

Narc/o

A

Numbness

Stupor

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16
Q

Psych/o

A

Mind

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17
Q

Radicul/o

A

Nerve root

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18
Q

Schiz/o

A

Division, split

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19
Q

Syncop/o

A

To cut short

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20
Q

-tropic

A

Having an affinity for

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21
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Involves parts of brain that control thought, memory, language
Deterioration of memory and reasoning capabilities

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22
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

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23
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Mental conditions characterized by excessive irrational dread of everyday situations or out of proportion fear

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24
Q

Antidepressant

A

Treats depression
Treats OCD
Treats GAD

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25
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood such as schizophrenia, mania, and delusion disorders

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26
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Temporarily relieves anxiety and tension

Tranquilizer

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27
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

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28
Q

Migraine headache

A

Throbbing pain
Nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound
Common for women

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29
Q

Cluster headache

A

Intensely painful
Repeated occurrence in groups
Common for men

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30
Q

Encephalocele

A

Congenital herniation of brain tissue through gap in the skull

31
Q

Meningocele

A

Congenital herniation of meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

32
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the head

33
Q

Meningioma

A

Common slow growing usually benign tumor of the meninges

34
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of meninges and spinal cord
Caused by bacterial or viral infections
Intense headache and flu like symptoms
Sometimes fatal

35
Q

Cognition

A

Describes mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory

36
Q

Dementia

A

Slowly progressive decline in mental abilities

Associated with personality changes

37
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of brain

Can be caused by viral infection

38
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

Disorder in children characterized by vomiting and confusion
Caused when given aspirin to treat viral illness

39
Q

Tetanus

A

Potentially fatal infection of nervous system caused by toxin produced by tetanus bacteria

40
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Chronic degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and shuffling gait

41
Q

Cerebral contusions

A

Bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that caused brain to bounce against skull

42
Q

Cranial hematoma

A

Collection of blood trapped in tissues of the brain

43
Q

Traumatic brain injury

A

Blow to the head or penetrating head injury that damages the brain

44
Q

Lethargy

A

Lowered level of consciousness

Listlessness drowsiness and apathy

45
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting

Brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased of blood flow to brain

46
Q

Coma

A

Profound state of unconsciousness marked by absence of response to stimuli

47
Q

Delirium

A

Acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking, agitation, and hallucinations

48
Q

Intracranial pressure

A

Amount of pressure inside the skull

49
Q

Cerebrovascular accident

A

Stroke
Damage to brain when blood flow is disrupted
Usually fatal

50
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Most common in old people

Caused by narrowing of carotid artery

51
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

Mini stroke
Temporary interruption in blood supply to brain
Passes in less than an hour

52
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Occurs when blood vessel in the brain leaks or aneurysm ruptures

53
Q

Myelitis

A

Inflammation of spinal cord

54
Q

Radiculitis

A

Pinched nerve

Inflammation of root of a spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness of affected limb

55
Q

Cervical radiculopathy

A

Nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

56
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Caused demyelination of myelin sheathes

Damage caused scarring and physical pain

57
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

temporary paralysis of cranial nerve that causes paralysis of one side of the face

58
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

Inflammation of myelin sheath of peripheral nerves
Rapidly weakening muscles
Temporary paralysis

59
Q

Sciatica

A

Inflammation of sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the nerve

60
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Severe lightning pain due to inflammation of cranial nerve

Affect one side of the face

61
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects due to damage that affects the cerebrum

62
Q

Causalgia

A

Persistent severe burning pain

63
Q

Hyperthesia

A

Abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, and other stimuli

64
Q

Paraesthesia

A

Burning or prickling sensation in hands or feet

65
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Disorder of peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain

66
Q

Echoencephalography

A

Ultrasound to create image of brain

67
Q

Electroencephalograph

A

Recording electrical activity of the brain through use of electrodes

68
Q

Functional MRI

A

Detects change in blood flow when patient performs a task

69
Q

Myelography

A

Radiographic study of spinal cord after injection of contrast medium

70
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Spinal tap

Collecting fluid for analysis

71
Q

Hypnotic

A

Depresses central nervous system and produces sleep

72
Q

Sedative

A

Depresses central nervous system to produce calmness without sleep

73
Q

Deep brain stimulation

A

Treats dystonia, tremors, and Parkinson’s

Device stimulates brain with electrical signals

74
Q

Gamma knife surgery

A

Gamma radiation treats brain tumors

75
Q

Factitious disorder

A

Individuals acts as if they have physical or mental illness but isn’t actually sick

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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