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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Atel/o

A

Incomplete, imperfect

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1
Q

Anthrac/o

A

Coal, coal dust

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2
Q

Bronch/o

Bronchi/o

A

Bronchus, bronchial tube

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3
Q

Capn/o

A

Carbon dioxide, sooty or smoky appearance

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4
Q

Coni/o

A

Dust

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5
Q

-dynia

A

Pain

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6
Q

Endo-

A

In, within, inside

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7
Q

-isy

A

Noun ending

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8
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx, throat

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9
Q

Nas/o

Rhino

A

Nose

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10
Q

Pertuss/I

A

Intensive cough

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11
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Throat, pharynx

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12
Q

Phon/o

A

Sound, voice

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13
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura, side of the body

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14
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

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15
Q

Pne/o

A

Breath, breathing

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16
Q 
Pneum/o
Pneumon/o
Pneu-
Pulm/o
Pulmon/o
A

Lung, air

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17
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

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18
Q

Sin/o
Sin/u
Sinus/o

A

Sinus

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19
Q

Somn/i

Somn/o

A

Sleep

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20
Q

-spasm

A

Sudden involuntary contraction, tightening, cramping

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21
Q

Spir/o

A

To breathe

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22
Q

Thorac/o

-thorax

A

Chest, pleural cavity

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23
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea, windpipe

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24
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Bronchial airflow is obstructed
Usually caused by smoking
Generally permanent and progressive

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25
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Airways inflamed due to recurrent exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke
Increase in number and size of mucus producing cells

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26
Q

Otolaryngologist

A

Physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the head and neck

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27
Q

Pulmonologist

A

Physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the respiratory system

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28
Q

Thoracic surgeon

A

Performs operations inside the chest

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29
Q

Emphysema

A

Progressive long term loss of lung function

Decrease in number of alveoli, enlargement of alveoli, progressive destruction of walls of alveoli

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30
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of bronchial tubes

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31
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airways shut

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32
Q

Upper respiratory infection

A

Aka common cold

Can be caused by any one of 200 viruses

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33
Q

Croup

A

Acute respiratory infection in children characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness, swelling around vocal cord resulting in barking cough

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34
Q

Diphtheria

A

Bacterial infection of throat and upper respiratory tract

Produces toxins that can damage heart muscle and peripheral nerves

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35
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

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36
Q

Pertussis

A

Whooping cough; contagious bacterial infection

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37
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Runny nose

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38
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of sinuses

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39
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Sore throat

Inflammation of pharynx

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40
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Sudden spasmodic closure of larynx

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41
Q

Aphonia

A

Las of ability of larynx to produce normal speech sounds

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42
Q

Dysphonia

A

difficulty in speaking which may include hoarseness, weakness, or cracking of voice

43
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of larynx

Causes voice loss

44
Q

Bronchorrhea

A

Excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

45
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of pleura (membrane that covers lungs and pleural cavity)

46
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Sharp pain that occurs when inflamed membranes rub against each other during inhalation

47
Q

Pyothorax

A

Presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane

48
Q

Empyema

A

Collection of pus in a body cavity

49
Q

Hemothorax

A

Collection of blood in the chest cavity

50
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Accumulation of air on the pleural space resulting in pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse

51
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

Life threatening condition in which inflammation in the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in the blood

52
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infectious disease that attacks the lungs

Coughing up blood

53
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lungs in which alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

54
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Localized pneumonia that affects bronchioles and often leads to lobar pneumonia

55
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

Affects larger areas of the lungs

56
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

Occurs when a foreign substance is inhaled into the lungs

57
Q

Community acquired pneumonia

A

Results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic

58
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Opportunistic infection caused by yeast like fungus

59
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

Progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing

60
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs

61
Q

Athracosis

A

Caused by coal dust in the lungs

Black lung disease

62
Q

Asbestosis

A

Caused by asbestos particles in the lungs

63
Q

Silicosis

A

Caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs

64
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Genetic disorder

Lungs and pancreas are logged with large quantities of thick mucus

65
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary absence of spontaneous respiration

66
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow rate of respiration, less than 10 beats per minute

67
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

Irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration

68
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually more than 20 breaths per minute

69
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

Difficult or labored breathing

70
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Breathing that is deeper and more rapid at rest

71
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow or slow respiration

72
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep causing decrease in blood oxygen levels

73
Q

Expectoration

A

Act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluids

74
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage

75
Q

Anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen from body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood

76
Q

Hypoxia

A

Condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs

77
Q

Asphyxia

A

Loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

78
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

79
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood usually due to respiratory disorders or heart conditions

80
Q

Respiratory failure

A

Condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or carbon dioxide levels become dangerously high

81
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome

A

Sudden and unexplainable death of sleeping infant suspected to be a heart problem

82
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of bronchi using a bronchoscope; a flexible device that is passed through nose or mouth and down the airways

83
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Visual exam of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth

84
Q

Peak flow meter

A

Inexpensive handheld device used to let patients with asthma measure air flowing out of lungs, revealing narrowing of airways

85
Q

Polysomnography

A

Sleep study

Measures activity during sleep to detect nocturnal defects in breathing

86
Q

Pulmonary function tests

A

Group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using a spirometer; measured against the norm

87
Q

Spirometer

A

Recording device that measures amount of air inhaled/exhaled and the length of time required for each breath

88
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

External monitor placed on fingertip to measure oxygen saturation level in the blood

89
Q

Phlegm

A

Thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages

90
Q

Sputum

A

Phlegm ejected through mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes

91
Q

Antitussive drug

A

Administered to prevent or relieve coughing

92
Q

Bronchodilator drug

A

Medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs
Used by asthma patients

93
Q

Nebulizer

A

Electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist which is inhaled via a face mask or mouth piece

94
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

95
Q

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery

A

Procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and the sinus

96
Q

Laryngectomy

A

Surgical removal of the larynx

97
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing

98
Q

Tracheotomy

A

Incision made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

99
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Surgical removal of all or part of a lung

100
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture of chest with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
Removing liquid or air from the pleural cavity

101
Q

Thoractomy

A

Surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

102
Q

BiPAP machine

A

Used for sleep apnea; high pressure for inhaling and low pressure for exhaling

103
Q

CPAP machine

Continuous positive airway pressure

A

Noninvasive ventilation device to treat sleep apnea

Creates constant air pressure in the nasal passages

104
Q

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A

Breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber allowing bloodstream and lungs to absorb more oxygen to promote healing

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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