Chapter 3 The Skeletal System Flashcards
-desis
To bind, tie together
Ankyl/o
Crooked, bent, stiff
Kyph/o
Bent, hump
Crani/o
Skull
Cost/o
Rib
-lysis
Loosening or setting free
Scoli/o
Curved, bent
Spondyl/o
Vertebr/o
Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
Synovi/o
Synov/o
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Chondr/o
Chondr/I
Cartilage
Lord/o
Curve, swayback, bent
Hemopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
Acetabulum
Aka hip socket
Large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint
Malleolus
Rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
Hallux Valgus
Aka bunion
Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
Orthopedic surgeon
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles
Podiatrists
Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
Spondylosis
Aka spinal osteoarthritis
Degenerative disorder can cause loss of normal spinal structure and function
Osteoarthritis
Wear and tear arthritis
Associated with aging
Degenerative joint disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
Ankylosing spondylitis
Form of RA causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue
-penia
Deficiency, lack, too few
Per-
Excessive, through
Plas/I plas/o
Development, growth, formation
-plasty
Surgical repair
Poly-
Many
Prosth/o, prosthetic/o
Addition, appendage
-rrhaphy
Surgical suturing
Spin/o
Spine, backbone
-stenosis
Abnormal narrowing
Sub-
Under, less, below
Ligament/o
Ligament
-listhesis
Slipping
Lux/o
To slide
Lumb/o
Lower back, loin
-malacia
Abnormal softening
Myel/o
Spinal cord, bone marrow
-ago
Abnormal condition, disease
-algia
Pain, suffering, painful condition
All- all/o
Other, different than normal, reversal
-ation
State or action
Aut/o
Self
Bifid/o
Split, divided into two parts
Burs/o
Bursa, sac of fluid near joint
- clasis
- clast
Break down
Dys-
Bad, difficult, painful
-ectomy
Surgical removal, cutting out, excision
-itis
Inflammation
-oma
Tumor
-osis
Abnormal condition, disease
Oss/e
Oss/I
Oste/o
Ost/o
Bone
Talip/o
Foot and ankle deformity
-um
Singular noun ending
Valg/o
Bent or twisted outward
Arthrodesis
Surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint; treats arthritis
Arthrolysis
Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
Arthroscopy
Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
Bone density testing
Used to determine change in bone density to diagnose osteoporosis; ultrasound or X-ray
Bone marrow transplant
Treats cancers by destroying diseased bone marrow and replacing with healthy donor marrow
Crepitation
Grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
Percutaneous vertebroplasty
Minimally invasive; bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column
Closed reduction
Attempted realignment of bone involved in fracture/dislocation by manually applied force and then immobilization
Osteomalacia
Aka adult rickets
Abnormal softening of bones usually due to deficiency
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow usually caused by bacterial infection
Spina bifida
Congenital; spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
Lumbago
Low back pain
Pain of lumbar region of the spine
Kyphosis
Humpback
Abnormal increase in outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
Lordosis
Swayback
Abnormal increase in forward curvature of spine
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Osteitis
Inflammation of a bone
Osteonecrosis
Death of blood tissue due to inefficient blood supply
Rickets
Defective bone growth due to deficiency
Periostitis
Inflammation of periosteum
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity due to aging
Osteopenia
Thinner than average bone density
At risk for osteoporosis
Compression fracture
Occurs when bone is pressed together on itself; caused by spontaneous collapse of weakened vertebrae or can be due to injury
Comminuted fracture
Bone is splintered or crushed
Fracture
Broken bone
Open fracture
Aka compound fracture
Bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
Spiral fracture
Bone has twisted apart
Paget’s disease
Unknown cause; excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation
Synovectomy
Surgical removal of synovial membrane of a joint; treats rheumatoid arthritis
Laminectomy
Surgical removal of a lamina (posterior portion of vertebrae)
Osteorrhaphy
Surgical suturing of bones
Chondromalacia
Abnormal softening of cartilage
Chondroma
Slow growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
Hemarthrosis
Blood within a joint
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Geriatric inflammatory disorder of muscles/joints characterized by pain and stiffness
Subluxation
Partial displacement of a bone from its joint
Spondylolisthesis
Forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae
Craniostenosis
Malformation of skull due to premature closure of cranial sutures
Fibrous dysplasia
Unknown cause; destroys normal bone tissue and replaces it with fibrous (scar like) tissue
Talipes
Club foot
Congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus
Myeloma
Type of cancer occurs in blood making cells
Osteochondroma
Benign bony projection covered with cartilage
Osteoporotic hip fracture
Broken hip
Caused by weakness of bones due to osteoporosis
Orthotic
Mechanical appliance designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
Prosthesis
Substitute for diseased or missing body part
Allogenic
Originating within another
Autologous
Originating within an individual
