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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 The Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 The Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Anti-

A

Against

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1
Q

A-

An-

A

No, not, without, away from, negative

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2
Q

Asthen-

-asthenia

A

Weakness, lack of strength

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3
Q

Brady-

A

Abnormally slow

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4
Q

-cele

A

Hernia, tumor, swelling

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5
Q

Claudicat/o

A

Limping

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6
Q

-clonus

A

Violent action

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7
Q

Condyl/o

A

Knuckle, knob

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8
Q

Epi-

A

Above, upon, on

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9
Q

Erg/o

-ergy

A

Work

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10
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia, fibrous band

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11
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fibrous tissue, fiber

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12
Q

Flex/o

A

Bend

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13
Q

Hemi-

A

Half

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14
Q

Herni/o

A

Hernia

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15
Q

Hypo-

A

Deficient, decreased

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16
Q

-ia

A

Abnormal condition, disease

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17
Q

Intermitt/o

A

Not continuous

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18
Q

-ion

A

Action, process, state or condition

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19
Q

Kines/o
Kinesi/o
-kinesia

A

Movement

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20
Q

Muscul/o
My/o
Myos/o

A

Muscle

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21
Q

Noct/I

A

Night

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22
Q

Nom/o

A

Law, control

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23
Q

Par-

Para-

A

Beside, near, beyond, abnormal, apart from, opposite, along side of

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24
Q

-paresis

A

Partial or incomplete paralysis

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25
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis, stroke

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26
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh, connective tissue

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27
Q

Tax/o

A

Coordination, order

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28
Q

Ten/o
Tend/o
Tendin/o

A

Tendon

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29
Q

Ton/o

A

Tension, tone, stretching

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30
Q

Tort/I

A

Twisted

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31
Q

Troph/o

-trophy

A

Development, nourishment

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32
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

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33
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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34
Q

Oblique

A

Slanted or at an angle

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35
Q

Exercise physiologist

A

Specialist who develops, implements, and coordinates exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

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36
Q

Physiatrist

A

Specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

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37
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of a fascia

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38
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain

39
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of sheath surrounding a tendon

40
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive use of the joint

41
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing of a muscle

42
Q

RICE

A

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

43
Q

Tenodesis

A

Surgical suturing of end of a tendon to a bone

44
Q

Tenolysis

A

Release of tendon from adhesions

45
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon

46
Q

Ergonomics

A

Study of human factors that affect design and operation of tools and the work environment

47
Q

Electromyography

A

Diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

48
Q

Antispasmodic

A

Administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

49
Q

Neuromuscular blocker

A

Causes temporary paralysis by blocking transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

50
Q

Myofascial release

A

Specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, and carpal tunnel syndrome

51
Q

Occupational therapy

A

Activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living

52
Q

Physical therapy

A

Treatment to prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

53
Q

Myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis

54
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body

55
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body usually associated with brain damage

56
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of both legs and lower part of body

57
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities

58
Q

Deep tendon reflex

A

Tested with reflex hammer; no response indicates disruption of nerve supply to involved muscles

59
Q

Range of motion testing

A

Diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength; increase strength, flexibility, and mobility

60
Q

Spinal cord injury

A

Determined extent of paralysis based on level of vertebra closest to injury

61
Q

Ganglion cyst

A

Harmless fluid swelling that occurs most commonly in outer surface of wrist; usually painless and does not require treatment

62
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow

63
Q

Heel spur

A

Calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel bone)

64
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Inflammation of plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

65
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a joint which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

66
Q

Shin splint

A

Painful condition in which muscle is torn away from the tibia

67
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen

68
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

Occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones in the shoulder joint

69
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome

A

Unknown cause; characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity

70
Q

Adhesion

A

Band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

71
Q

Atrophy

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

72
Q

Myocele

A

Herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

73
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

74
Q

Myolysis

A

Degeneration of muscle tissue

75
Q

Polymyositis

A

Muscle disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles

76
Q

Atonic

A

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength

77
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

78
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Extreme slowness in movement

79
Q

Dystonia

A

Abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

80
Q

Hypotonia

A

Condition in which there is diminished tone of skeletal muscles

81
Q

Contracture

A

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

82
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Pain in leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

83
Q

Spasmodic torticollis

A

Stiff neck to due to spasmodic contraction of neck muscles

84
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm

85
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Abnormally increased muscle function or activity

86
Q

Myoclonus

A

Sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

87
Q

Nocturnal myoclonus

A

Jerking of limbs that occur normally as a person is falling asleep

88
Q

Singultus

A

Hiccups; myoclonus of the diaphragm

89
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

90
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Describes genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting nervous system

91
Q

Repetitive stress disorders

A

Muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work activities, or recreations

92
Q

Sphincter

A

Ring like muscle that constricts opening of a passageway

93
Q

Transverse

A

In a crosswise direction

94
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement at the far end of a limb

95
Q

Pronation

A

Act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole is turned downward or backward

96
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement that bends the foot upward at an angle

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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