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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 6 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

An-

Ana-

A

Up, apart, backward, excessive

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1
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

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2
Q

Anti-

A

Against

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3
Q

Bacteri/o

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

Brachy-

A

Short

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5
Q

Carcin/o

A

Cancerous

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6
Q

Cyt/o

-cyte

A

Cell

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7
Q

Edem-

Edemat/o

A

Swelling, fluid, tumor

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8
Q

Fer/o

A

Bear, carry

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9
Q

Fung/I

A

Fungus

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10
Q

Gen-
Gen/o
-gen

A

Producing, forming

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11
Q

Globin/o

-globulin

A

Protein

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12
Q

Immun/o

A

Immune, protection, safe

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13
Q

Inter-

A

Between, among

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14
Q

-ize

A

To make, to treat

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15
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph, lymphatic tissue

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16
Q

Lymphaden/o

A

Lymph node or gland

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17
Q

Lymphangi/o

A

Lymph vessel

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18
Q

Mamm/o

A

Breast

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19
Q

Mega-

Megal/o

A

Large, great

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20
Q

Meta-

A

Change, beyond, subsequent to, behind, after, or next

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21
Q

Neo-

Ne/o

A

New, strange

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22
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor, neoplasm

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23
Q

Onc/o

A

Tumor

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24
Q

Phag/o

A

Eat, swallow

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25
Q
  • phylactic

- phylaxis

A

Protective, preventive

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26
Q

-plasm

A

Formative material of cells

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27
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh, connective tissue

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28
Q

Splen/o

A

Spleen

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29
Q
  • stasis

- static

A

Control, maintenance of a constant level

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30
Q

Suppresso/o

A

Press down

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31
Q

Tele/o

A

Distant, far

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32
Q

Therap/o

Therapeut/o

A

Treatment

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33
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus gland

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34
Q

-tic

A

Pertaining to

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35
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsil, throat

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36
Q

Tox/o

A

Poison, poisonous

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37
Q

Antibody

A

Disease fighting protein created by immune system in response to presence of a specific antigen

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38
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance the body regards as foreign

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39
Q

Antigen-antibody reaction

A

Binding antigens to antibodies

Labels potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of the immune system

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40
Q

Macrophage

A

Type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells

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41
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Know as swollen glands

Inflammation of lymph nodes

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42
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Any disease process addicting a lymph node

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43
Q

Lymphangioma

A

Benign tumor formed by abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

44
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen; can be caused by bleeding, infection, or abnormal functioning of the immune system

45
Q

Lymphoscintigraphy

A

Diagnostic test performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels

46
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

47
Q

Bioimpedance spectroscopy

A

Noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema: measures resistance to an electrical current passed through the electrical current

48
Q

Allergen

A

Substances that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

49
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Severe response to an allergen

50
Q

Autoimmune disorder

A

Any disease characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues

51
Q

Immunodeficiency disorder

A

Occurs when immune system is compromised

52
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

Blood borne injection in which virus kills T cells, causing immune system to progressively fail

53
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

Most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection

54
Q

Opportunistic infections

A

Caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce illness in humans; due to weakened immune system

55
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing immune response

56
Q

Cytoxic drugs

A

Medication that kills or damages cells

57
Q

Bacteria

A

One called microscopic organism; most not harmful to humans

58
Q

Bacilli

A

Rod shaped Spore forming bacteria

59
Q

Anthrax

A

Contagious disease that can be transmitted through infected livestock or grown in laboratories for chemical warfare

60
Q

Rickettsia

A

Small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites; causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever

61
Q

Spirochete

A

Long, slender spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

62
Q

Lyme disease

A

Caused by spirochete; transmitted by bite of a deer tick and asserts joints, heart, and nervous system

63
Q

Staphylcocci

A

Bacteria that forms irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

64
Q

Streptococci

A

Bacteria that form a chain; can cause strep throat or meningitis

65
Q

Parasites

A

Plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

66
Q

Rabies

A

Acute viral infection transmitted to humans through bite of an infected animal; treatment required immediately; symptoms develop in 30-90 days; almost always fatal after symptoms develop

67
Q

Malaria

A

Caused by parasite living in Mosquitos; symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, muscle ache, and tiredness appear in 1-4 weeks

68
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Parasite transmitted from pets to humans through feces; causes microcephalus and hydrocephalus in fetuses in pregnant women

69
Q

Candidiasis

A

Aka yeast infection

Occur on skin or mucous membranes such as vagina/mouth and is caused by yeast

70
Q

Rubella

A

Viral infection characterized by fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and fine pink rash

71
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Present as silent infection that causes symptoms when immune system is weakened

72
Q

Varicella

A

Chicken pox caused by herpes virus; highly contagious; rash considering of itchy fluid filled blisters

73
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Shingles; painful skin eruptions they follow route of inflamed nerve; occurs when dormant varicella is activated later in life

74
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

Caused by Epstein Barr virus; fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes

75
Q

Antibiotics

A

Medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial micro organisms

76
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Tumor supports itself by creating its own blood supply

77
Q

Adjuvant therapy

A

Agent that increases effectiveness of a drug

78
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated

79
Q

Teletherapy

A

Radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body

80
Q

Antifungal

A

Agent that destroys or inhibits growth of fungi

81
Q

Antiangiogenesis

A

Form of treatment that disrupts blood supply to a tumor

82
Q

Metastasize

A

Process by which cancer spreads from one place to another

83
Q

Metastasis MET

A

New cancer site that results from the spreading process

84
Q

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

MRSA

A

First symptom is small red bumps with black top

Serious, difficult to treat, often fatal

85
Q

Systemic reaction

A

Aka anaphylaxis

Severe response to allergen

86
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues

87
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Arises from bone or cartilage

88
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

89
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

Malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded surrounding tissues

90
Q

Lymphoma

A

General term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

91
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Distinguished by presence of large cancerous lymphocytes

92
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

All other lymphomas

93
Q

Mastectomy

A

surgical removal of entire breast and nipple

94
Q

Myoma

A

Benign tumor made of muscle tissue

95
Q

Myosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

96
Q

ELISA

A

Blood test used to screen for presence of HIV antibodies

97
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Bind with specific antigens in antibody–antigen response

98
Q

Immunosuppressant

A

Prevents or reduces normal immune response

99
Q

Complement system

A

Group of proteins that circulate in blood in an inactive form

100
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ

A

Breast cancer at earliest stage before cancer breaks through milk duct

101
Q

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

A

Starts in milk duct and break through walls of duct to invade fatty tissue

Majority of breast cancer

102
Q

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma

A

Cancer that starts in milk glands and breaks through wall of gland to infect fatty tissue

103
Q

Inflammatory breast cancer

A

Rare but aggressive, detected only by MRI

104
Q

Mammography

A

Radiographic exam of breasts to detect presence of rumors

105
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue

106
Q

Cytokines

A

Released by T cells that begin immune response

107
Q

Hemolytic

A

Spleen has hemolytic function to destroy worn out Erythrocytes

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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