Chapter 2 Human Body In Health And Disease Flashcards
0
Q
Adip/o
A
Fat
1
Q
Aden/o
A
Gland
2
Q
Anter/o
A
Before, front
3
Q
Caud/o
A
Lower part of body, tail
4
Q
Cephal/o
A
Head
5
Q
Cyt/o -cyte
A
Cell
6
Q
End- endo-
A
In, within, inside
7
Q
Exo-
A
Out of, outside, away from
8
Q
Hist/o histi/o
A
Tissue
9
Q
Path/o -pathy
A
Disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
10
Q
Plas/i plas/o -plasia
A
Development, growth, formation
11
Q
Poster/o
A
Behind, toward the back
12
Q
-stasis -static
A
Control, maintenance of a constant level
13
Q
Physi/o physic/o
A
Nature or physical
14
Q
Ventr/o
A
Belly side of the body
15
Q
Dorsal
A
Back of the organ or body
16
Q
Anterior
A
Situated in the front
Front or forward part of an organ
17
Q
Posterior
A
Situated in the back
Back part of an organ
18
Q
Cephalic
A
Toward the head
19
Q
Caudal
A
Toward the lower part of the body
20
Q
Proximal
A
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a structure
21
Q
Distal
A
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
22
Q
Medial
A
The direction toward, or nearer, the midline
23
Q
Thoracic cavity
A
Chest cavity or thorax
Surrounds and protects heart/lungs
Separated from abdominal cavity by diaphragm
24
Iatrogenic illness
Unfavorable response to prescribed medical treatment
25
Idiopathic disorder
Illness without known cause
26
Infectious disease
Illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
27
Congenital disorder
Abnormal condition existing at time of birth
28
Idi/o
Peculiar to the individual
29
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, socialization difficulties
30
Geriatrician
Physician who specializes in care of older people
31
Nosocomial infection
Disease acquired in hospital or clinical setting
32
Umbilical region
Center of abdominal wall
Belly button
Navel
33
Right and left iliac regions
Located over hip bones
34
Right and left lumbar regions
Located near inward curve of spine
| Between ribs and pelvis
35
Right and left hypochondriac regions
Covered by lower ribs
36
Hypogastric region
Located below the stomach
37
Cytoplasm
Material within cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
38
Retroperitoneal
Located behind the peritoneum
39
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
40
Peritoneum
Multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within abdominal cavity
41
Mesentery
Fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches part of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
42
Epigastric region
Located above the stomach
43
Ventral cavity
Located along front of body and contains organs that sustain homeostasis
44
Homeostasis
Process through which body maintains constant internal environment
45
Abdominal cavity
Contains major organs of digestion
46
Pelvic cavity
Formed by hip bones
| Contains reproductive and excretory systems
47
Midsagittal plane
Known as midline
| Divides body into equal left and right halves
48
Stem cells
Somatic or embryonic
| Undifferentiated cells that can change into any cell
49
Sickle cell anemia
Inherited red blood cell disorders
50
DNA
Located on pairs of chromosomes in cell nucleus
| Contains thousands of genes that provide info for heredity
51
Chromosomes
46 in humans
| Determines traits
52
Genetic disorder
Pathological condition caused by absent or defective gene
53
Histology
Study of structure, composition, and function of tissues
54
Tay-Sachs disease
Harmful quantities of fatty substance buildup in tissues and nerve cells in brain
Results in early death
55
Huntingtons disease
Causes nerve degeneration that appear in midlife
| Results in uncontrolled movements and loss of mental abilities
57
A-
Without
58
Anaplasia
Change in structure of cells and their orientation to each other
Characteristic of tumor formation
59
Cystic fibrosis
Genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects respiratory and digestive systems
60
Hemophilia
Group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which blood clotting factor is missing
61
Muscular dystrophy
Group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that cause movement
62
Phenylketonuria
Genetic disorder in which essential digestive enzyme is missing
Can be detected by blood test at birth
Dietary supervision is good
No care causes retardation
63
Inguinal
Relating to the groin
64
Retro-
Behind
65
Transverse plane
Horizontal plane that divides body into superior and inferior portions
66
Sickle cell anemia
Group of inherited red blood cell disorders transmitted by recessive gene
67
Hypoplasia
Incomplete development of an organ or tissue due to a deficiency in number of cells
68
Dysplasia
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
69
Hyperplasia
Enlargement of an organ or tissue because of abnormal increase in number of cells
70
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of body part or organ due to increase of cell size in the tissue
71
Bloodborne transmission
Spread of disease through contact with blood or body fluids contaminated with blood
72
Communicable disease
Any condition transmitted from one person to another by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects
73
Vector-borne transmission
Spread of disease due to bite of a vector such as mosquito, dog, rats, fleas, ticks
74
Adenectomy
Surgical removal of a gland
75
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant tumor that originates in a glandular tissue
76
Adenoma
Benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
77
Adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland
78
Adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland
79
Endemic
Ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
80
Dem/i
| Dem/o
Population
81
Epidemic
Sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group, or area
82
Epi-
Above
83
Exocrine glands
Secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
84
Endocrine glands
Produce hormones directly into blood stream
85
Functional disorder
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomic cause can be identified
86
Pandemic
Outbreak of disease occurring over large geographic area, possibly worldwide
87
Pan-
Entire
88
Etiology
Study of the causes of a disease
89
Anatomy
Study of structures in the body
90
Physiology
Study of functions of the structures of the body
91
Peritoneum
Multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within abdominal cavity
103
Aplasia
Defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue
