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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 Diagnostic Medicine And Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Diagnostic Medicine And Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Albumin/o

A

Albumin

Protein

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1
Q

Glycos/o

A

Glucose

Sugar

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2
Q

Calc/I

A

Calcium
Lime
The heel

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3
Q

Creatin/o

A

Creatinine

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4
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

Relating to blood

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5
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

Abdominal wall

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6
Q

Phleb/o

Ven/o

A

Vein

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7
Q

Radi/o

A

Radiation

X-rays

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8
Q

Son/o

Ech/o

A

Sound

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9
Q

-uria

A

Urination

Urine

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10
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Extremely high temperature

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11
Q

Hypothermia

A

Abnormally low temperature

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12
Q

Vital signs

A

Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood pressure

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13
Q

Pulse (P)

A

Rhythmic pressure against walls of an artery caused by beating of heart

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14
Q 
Respiration (R)
Respiratory rate (RR)
A

Number of complete breaths per minute

12-20 per minute is normal

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15
Q

Blood pressure (BP)

A

Force of blood against walls of artery

Systolic over diastolic reading

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16
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Records blood pressure

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17
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening for sounds within the body

Usually performed with stethoscope

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18
Q

Rale

A

Known as crackle

Crackle-like sound heard through stethoscope during inspiration

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19
Q

Rhonchi

A

Coarse rattling sounds that are somewhat like snoring; usually caused by secretions in bronchial airways

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20
Q

Stridor

A

Abnormal high-pitched musical breathing sound caused by blockage in the throat or larynx

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21
Q

Bruit

A

Abnormal sound or murmur heard during auscultation of an artery; due to partially blocked, narrowed, diseased artery

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22
Q

Auscult/a

Auscult/o

A

To listen

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23
Q

Percussion

A

Diagnostic procedure designed to determine density of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers

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24
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

Instrument used to examine interior of the eye

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25
Q

Otoscope

A

Instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane

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26
Q

Ot/o

A

Ear

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27
Q

Ophthalm/o

A

Eye

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28
Q

Speculum

A

Instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior

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29
Q

Stethoscope

A

Instrument used to listen to sounds within the body

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30
Q

Steth/o

A

Chest

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31
Q

Recumbent

A

Any position in which the patient is lying down (front, back, or side)

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32
Q

Lithotomy position

A

Patient is lying on back, face up, with the feet and legs raised and supported in stir ups

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33
Q

Prone position

A

Patient is laying on abdomen face down

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34
Q

Sims’ position

A

Patient laying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back

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35
Q

Phlebotomist

A

Medical patient trained to draw blood from patients for various laboratory tests and other procedures

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36
Q

Complete blood cell count

A

Series of tests performed as a group to evaluate several blood conditions

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37
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

Test based on speed with which the red blood cells separate from the plasma and fall to the bottom of a specialized tube. Elevated rate indicates inflammation

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38
Q

Hematocrit

A

Describes percentage by volume of a blood sample occupied by red cells; uses to diagnose abnormal states of hydration and polycythemia/anemia

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39
Q

Red blood cell count

A

Determination is number of erythrocytes in blood; indicates anemia or hemorrhage

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40
Q

White blood count

A

Determination of number of leukocytes in blood; indicates infection or inflammation

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41
Q

Basic metabolic profile

A

Group of 8 specific blood tests that provide info about kidneys, electrolyte balance, blood sugar, and calcium levels

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42
Q

Blood urea nitrogen test

A

Measures amount of nitrogen in blood due to waste product urea; indicates kidney function

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43
Q

Urinalysis

A

Examination of physical and chemical properties of urine

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44
Q

Albuminuria

A

Presence of albumin in urine; high test levels indicate impaired kidney function

45
Q

Bacteriuria

A

Presence of bacteria in blood

46
Q

Calciuria

A

Presence of calcium in urine

47
Q

Creatinuria

A

Increased concentration of creatinine in the urine; creatinine is waste usually removed by kidneys

48
Q

Glycosuria

A

Presence if glucose in urine usually caused by diabetes

49
Q

Hematuria

A

Presence of blood in urine

50
Q

Ketonuria

A

Presence of ketones in urine; ketones form when body breaks down fat; indicates starvation or uncontrolled diabetes

51
Q

Proteinuria

A

Presence of abnormal amount of protein in urine; indicates kidney disease

52
Q

Pyuria

A

Presence of pus in urine

Urine looks cloudy

53
Q

Endoscopy

A

Visual examination of the interior of a body cavity

54
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope that is passed through a small incision in the abdominal wall

55
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of joint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis to determine cause of pain or swelling in a joint

56
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Puncture of pericardial sac to remove fluid

57
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

58
Q

Radiopaque

A

Substance does not allow x-rays to pass through; white or light grey on film

59
Q

Radiolucent

A

Substance allows x-rays to pass through; black or dark grey on film

60
Q

Barium

A

Radiopaque contrast medium used primarily to visualize gastrointestinal tract

61
Q

Interventional radiology

A

Use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure such as a biopsy

62
Q

Computed tomography

CT

A

Uses thin fan shaped x-Ray beam that rotates around the patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body

63
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRI

A

Uses combo of radio waves and strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body

64
Q

Magnetic resonance angiography

MRA

A

Helps locate problems within blood vessels throughout the body

65
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Visualization of body parts in motion by projecting x-Ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen

66
Q

Ultrasonography

A

Imaging of deep body structures by recording echoes of sound wave pulses that are above range of human hearing

67
Q

Fluor/o

A

Glowing

68
Q

Ultra-

A

Beyond

69
Q

Ket/o

Keton/o

A

Ketones

70
Q

Protein/o

A

Protein

71
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle

72
Q

Single photon emission computed tomography

SPECT

A

Type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3D computer-reconstructed images showing perfusion through tissues and organs

73
Q

Perfusion

A

Flow of blood through an organ

74
Q

Positron emission tomography

PET

A

Combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas

75
Q

ac

A

Before meals

76
Q

ad lib

A

As desired

77
Q

Amt

A

Amount

78
Q

bid

A

Twice a day

79
Q

pc

A

After meals

80
Q

po

A

By mouth

81
Q

prn

A

As needed

82
Q

qh

A

Every hour

83
Q

qd

A

Every day

84
Q

qid

A

Four times a day

85
Q

Rx

A

Prescription

86
Q

sig

A

To be labeled accordingly

87
Q

tid

A

Three times a day

88
Q

@

A

At

89
Q

/c

A

With

90
Q

Adverse drug reaction

A

Undesirable reaction that accompanies the principal response for which the drug was taken

91
Q

Compliance

A

Patient’s consistency and accuracy in following regimen prescribed by a physician or other health care professional

92
Q

Contraindication

A

Factor in patient’s condition that makes the use of a medication or specific treatment dangerous or ill-advised

93
Q

Idiosyncratic reaction

A

Unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to the individual

94
Q

Palliative

A

Substance that eases pain or severity of the symptoms of a disease but does not cure it

95
Q

Placebo

A

Inactive substance administered for suggestive effects

96
Q

Antipyretic

A

Medication administered to prevent or reduce fever

97
Q

Analgesic

A

Class of drugs that relieves pain without affecting consciousness

98
Q

Contra-

A

Against

99
Q

-crit

A

Separate

100
Q

-meter

A

Device used to measure

101
Q

Derm/o

Dermat/o

A

Skin

102
Q

Transdermal

A

Medication administered from a patch applied to unbroken skin

103
Q

Intravenous injection

A

Made directly into a vein

104
Q

Intradermal injection

A

Made into the middle layers of skin

105
Q

Intramuscular injection

A

Made directly into muscle tissue

106
Q

Subcutaneous injection

A

Made into fatty layer just below skin

107
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

Throat

108
Q

Acupuncture

A

Traditional Chinese medical practice using very thin needles inserted into specific pints of body to restore flow of qi

109
Q

Echocardiography

A

Ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate structures and motions of the heart

110
Q

Parenteral

A

Introduced otherwise than by way of the intestines

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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