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Med Term > Chapter 8: Cardiovascular (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Cardiovascular (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

aneurysm/o

A

aneurysm

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2
Q

angi/o
vascul/o

A

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

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3
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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4
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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5
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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6
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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7
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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8
Q

cardi/o
coron/o

A

heart

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9
Q

electr/o

A

electricty

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10
Q

embol/o

A

embolus (plug)

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11
Q

hemangi/o

A

blood vessel

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12
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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13
Q

phleb/o
ven/o

A

vein

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14
Q

scler/o

A

hardening; sclera

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15
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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16
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

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17
Q

sten/o

A

narrowing, stricture

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18
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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19
Q

valv/o
valvul/o

A

valve

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20
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of the heart of brain)

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21
Q

-carida

A

heart condition

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22
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

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23
Q

brady-

A

slow

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24
Q

endo-

A

in, within

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25
Q

extra-

A

outside

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26
Q

peri-

A

around

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27
Q

trans-

A

across

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28
Q

aneurysm

A

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

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29
Q

angina

A

chest pain caused by obstructions of spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium
- angina pectoris

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30
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart
- dysrhythmia

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31
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult

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32
Q

fibrillation

A

abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles

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33
Q

heart block

A

interference with the normal transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers

34
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with there possibly being a heart rate up to 200 beats/minute

35
Q

bruit

A

soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvular action, the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction, or both
- murmur

36
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

37
Q

coarctation

A

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

38
Q

embolism

A

intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area, commonly leading to life-threatening situation

39
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

disorder that occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body

40
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

41
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg

42
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg

43
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

structural defect in which the mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

44
Q

palpitation

A

sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter

45
Q

peripheral artery disease (PAD)

A

common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced blood flow to the extremities, especially the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis

46
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (more commonly the legs)

47
Q

rheumatic heart disease (RHD)

A

serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve

48
Q

syncope

A

partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain
- fainting

49
Q

thrombosis

A

abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation

50
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs
- deep venous thrombosis

51
Q

electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

A

procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

52
Q

Holter Monitor Test

A

procedure that uses a small, portable system to record and store the electrical activity of the heart over 24 to 48 hour period
- event monitor test

53
Q

Stress test

A

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (bicycle or treadmill)

54
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

blood test that measures the presence and amount of several substances released by the heart when it is damaged or under stress
- cardiac enzyme test

55
Q

lipid panel

A

series of blood tests (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease

56
Q

angiography

A

procedure that records a radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel (angiogram) after injection of a contrast medium

57
Q

aortography

A

angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium

58
Q

coronary angiography

A

specialized type of angiography that helps diagnose stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle

59
Q

doppler US

A

ultrasonography used to assess the direction and speed of blood flow through blood vessels by reflecting sound waves off red blood cells
- ultrasonography using sound pitch

60
Q

carotid artery US

A

ultrasound procedure that determines blood flow problems caused by blood clots, plaque, or tears on the walls of the carotid arteries

61
Q

echocardiography (ECHO)

A

ultrasound test that produces moving images of blood passing through the heart, valves, and chambers, and assesses cardiac output

62
Q

myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)

A

noninvasive imaging test using a radioactive tracer in conjunction with a stress test to show how well blood flows through the heart muscle at rest and during exercise
- nuclear stress test

63
Q

single-photon emission tomography (SPECT)

A

myocardial perfusion test that involves injection of a radioactive tracer into the blood while a gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as “slices” of the heart

64
Q

cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

specialized MRI procedure that provides images of the heart chambers, valves, major vessels, and pericardium

65
Q

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

A

type of MRI that provides highly detailed images of blood vessels

66
Q

multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan

A

nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how effectively the heart walls move as they contract and then calculates the ejection fraction rate (amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction)

67
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

68
Q

electrophysiology study (EPS)

A

special catheterization test that involves insertion of electrode catheters into the heart to study and map the conduction system and safely reproduce the abnormal heart rhythm affecting the patient’s heart

69
Q

angioplasty

A

endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels to restore forward blood flow

70
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

angioplasty of the coronary arteries that involves insertion of a balloon catheter through the right femoral artery to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore blood flow

71
Q

cardiac ablation

A

procedure in which a catheter is inserted through a vein in the groin and threaded to the heart to correct structural problems in the heart that cause an arrhythmia

72
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked area of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle

73
Q

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

A

small, battery-powered device inserted within the chest of a patient who is at high risk for developing an arrhythmia, such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac arrest
- automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)

74
Q

open heart surgery

A

surgical procedure in which the sternum is cut in half vertically to open the chest and expose the heart, its valves, or the arteries

75
Q

pacemaker insertion

A

implantation of a battery-powered device inside the chest to control the heart rate and rhythm

76
Q

defibrillation

A

life-saving emergency treatment to restart the heart in cardiorespiratory arrest by delivering high-voltage electrical current through the heart

77
Q

cardioversion

A

defibrillation technique using low-energy shocks to reset the heart’s rhythm back to its normal pattern

78
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

any disorder of the coronary arteries that affects their ability to deliver blood to the myocardium

79
Q

varicose veins

A

twisted, enlarged veins caused by blood pooling in the veins, especially in the legs; pressure on valves from blood overcoming gravity on its way back to the heart; valves weaken and become incompetent

80
Q

ischemia

A

decrease in oxygen in the heart muscle

81
Q

endarterectomy

A

procedure to remove atheromatous plaque from the lining of the carotid artery

Med Term (17 decks)

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