Chapter 11: Urinary System (Exam 3, dark orange/purple cards) Flashcards
1
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin, protein
2
Q
azot/o
A
nitrogenous compounds
3
Q
bacteri/o
A
bacteria (singular, bacterium)
4
Q
cyst/o
vesic/o
A
bladder
5
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
6
Q
kal/i
A
potassium
7
Q
keton/o
A
ketone bodies (acids and acetones)
8
Q
lith/o
A
stone, calculus
9
Q
meat/o
A
opening, meatus
10
Q
nephr/o
ren/o
A
kidney
11
Q
olig/o
A
scanty
12
Q
noct/o
A
night
13
Q
py/o
A
pus
14
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
15
Q
ur/o
A
urine, urinary tract
16
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
17
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
18
Q
-genesis
A
forming, producing, origin
19
Q
-iasis
A
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
20
Q
-uria
A
urine
21
Q
dia-
A
through, across
22
Q
retro-
A
backward, behind
23
Q
anuria
A
Absence of urine production or output
24
Q
bladder neck obstruction
A
Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra
25
cystocele
Prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between the bladder and vagina
26
end-stage renal disease
Any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival
27
enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine
- incontinence
28
fistula
abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another
29
hydronephrosis
Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
30
interstitial cystitis (IC)
Chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy
- painful bladder syndrome
31
nephrotic syndrome
Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
32
neurogenic bladder
impairment of bladder control as a result of brain, spinal cord, or nerve damage
33
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
34
pyelonephritis
Infection of the kidney, usually the result of an infection that begins in the urethra or bladder and ascends the ureters to the kidney
35
urgency
sensation of the need to void immediately
36
urinary tract infection (UTI)
An infection, typically of bacterial origin, in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys (acute pyelonephritis), bladder (cystitis), or urethra (urethritis)
37
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
Disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually as a result of impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter
38
Wilms tumor
Rapidly developing malignant tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children
- nephroblastoma
39
Electromyography (EMG)
measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra
40
cystoscopy (cysto)
Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies of tumors or other growths, or to remove polyps
41
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
test that determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism
42
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Test that determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics
43
urinalysis (UA)
urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation
44
bladder ultrasound
A noninvasive painless test that uses high-frequency soundwaves to produce images of the bladder before and after urination to check for urinary retention
45
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium
- excretory urography
46
renal nuclear scan
Nuclear imaging test using a radioactive substance (tracer) injected intravenously to produce images of the kidneys
47
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging
48
kidney transplant
Replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is supplied by a compatible donor (usually a family member or a cadaver who has donated the kidney before death)
49
nephrostomy
Opening created between the skin and kidney to drain urine through a tube to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so
50
ureteral stent placement
insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
51
dialysis
Filtering procedure used to remove fluid and waste products from the blood and correct for electrolyte imbalances
52
hemodialysis
Dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood, filters it using a solution called a dialysate, and then returns the dialyzed (clean) blood to the patient’s bloodstream
53
peritoneal dialysis
Dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
54
catheterization
insertion of a slender tube into the bladder; possible attached to a drainage bag to allow urine to be freely removed from the bladder
55
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Use of powerful sound-wave vibrations to pulverize uroliths that are then more easily expelled, special monitor to carefully focus sound waves onto the area containing the stone
