Chapter 14: Endocrine System (Exam 3, dark green/light blue) Flashcards
adren/o
adrenal/o
adrenal glands
calc/o
calcium
crin/o
secrete
gluc/o
glyc/o
glycos/o
sugar, sweetness
home/o
same, alike
kal/i
potassium
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
parathyroid glands
thym/o
thymus gland
thyr/o
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
toxic/o
poison
-crine
secrete
-dipsia
thirst
-gen
forming, producing, origin
-toxic
pertaining to poison
-uria
urine
eu-
good
exo-
outside
poly-
many
diabetes insipidus (DI)
Disorder characterized by excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria) due to inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
diuresis
increased formation and secretion of urine
gestational diabetes
diabetes that develops during pregnancy
growth hormone (GH) disorders
Pituitary gland disorder that generally involves a hypersecretion or hyposecretion of GH and commonly results from a pituitary tumor
acromegaly
hypersecretion of GH in adults, resulting in enlargement of bones in the extremities and head
dwarfism
Hyposecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in extreme shortness in stature (final height of only 3’ to 4’) but normal body proportions
giantism
Hypersecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in abnormal increase in the length of long bones and extreme height (up to 8′ tall) but with body proportions remaining about normal
hirsutism
excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women
hypercalcemia
condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal
hyperkalemia
condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal
hypervolemia
abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma (liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid) in the body
hyponatremia
lower than normal level of sodium in the blood
insulinoma
Tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, causing the excessive production of insulin and leading to hypoglycemia
- pancreatic tumor
neurofibromatosis (NF)
Genetic disorder with multiple benign fibrous tumors that grow anywhere in the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
obesity
abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more of an individual’s ideal body weight
panhypopituitarism
total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity
thyroid storm
crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone
- thyroid crisis
- thyrotoxic crisis
virilism
masculinization of development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman
exophthalmometry
Measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in Graves disease
A1c test
blood test used to diagnose and manage type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- glycated hemoglobin
- hemoglobin A1c
- HbA1c
fasting blood sugar (FBS)
test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours
glucose tolerance test (GTT)
Screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken at regular intervals following the dose to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood
insulin tolerance test (ITT)
Diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein, causing severe hypoglycemia to assess growth hormone (GH) and cortisol reserve
thyroid function test (TFT)
test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function
total calcium test
test that measures blood calcium levels to detect bone and parathyroid disorders, malabsorption, or an overactive thyroid
radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) and scan
Nuclear imaging procedure that combines a thyroid scan with an RAIU procedure to evaluate the structure and physiological functioning of the thyroid gland
parathyroidectomy
excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism
thyroidectomy
excision of the entire thyroid gland (thyroidectomy), a part of it (subtotal thyroidectomy), or a single lobe (thyroid lobectomy)
transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
Endoscopic surgery to remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue
insulin injection therapy
lifelong therapy using a fine needle and syringe to inject insulin for controlling type 1 diabetes
insulin pump therapy
treatment for type 1 diabetes that uses a device that continuously delivers insulin through a catheter placed under the skin
Graves Disease
Most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by oversecretion of hormones (T4 and T3) by the thyroid gland, in which elevated levels produce profound changes in the body’s physiological processes; more common in women than men
Cushing syndrome
Caused by exposure to excess cortisol; Adrenal or pituitary problem; Long-term use of corticosteroids; More common in females than males
diabetes mellitus
characterized by high glucose levels; caused by defects in insulin secretion, action, or both
