Chapter 4: Body Structure Flashcards
abduction
movement away from the midsagittal plane
adduction
movement toward the midsagittal plan
medial
midline of the body
lateral
pertaining to the side
superior
toward the head or upper portion of a structure
inferior
away from the head, lower part of a structure
proximal
near the center
distal
further from the center
anterior (ventral)
front of body
posterior (dorsal)
back of body
parietal
out wall of the body cavity
visceral
internal organs
prone
laying face down on abdomen
supine
lying horizontally on the back, face up
inversion
turning inward
eversion
turning outward
superficial
toward the surface of the body
deep
away from the surface of the body
cyt/o
cell
hist/o
tissue
kary/o, nucle/o
nucleus
caud/o
tail
cephal/o
head
dist/o
far
dors/o
back
infer/o
lower, below
later/o
side
medi/o
middle
poster/o
back
proxim/o
near
ventr/o
belly
albin/o, leuk/o
white
chrom/o
color
cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o
yellow
cyan/o
blue
erythr/o
red
melan/o
black
poli/o
grey
radi/o
radiation, x-ray
tom/o
to cut
viscer/o
internal organs
-graphy
process of recording
infra-
below, under
peri-
around
super-
upper, above
ultra-
excess, beyond
adhesion
abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of disease or lymphatic system failure
febrile
showing symptoms of fever
grangene
death and decay of soft tissue, caused by circulatory obstruction of infection
hernia
protusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it
inflammation
body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
mycosis
fungal infection in or on body
perforation
hole that completely penetrate a structure
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
rupture
sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ
septicemia
server bacterial infection of tissues that spread to the blood (sepsis)
suppuration
process of forming pus
endoscopy
visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instruments called an endoscope
auscultation
listening to heart, bowel, lungs
inspection
general observation of patient as a whole
palpation
application of hands to specific structure to determine size, symmetry, tenderness, of underlying structure
percussion
tapping a body structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure
computed tomography (CT)
Imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
fluoroscopy
Technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues
positron emission tomography (PET)
Computed tomography records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of the metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease
radiography
Technique in which x-rays are passed through the body or area and cap- tured on a film to generate an image; also called x-ray
biopsy
removal of a tissue sample from the body site for microscopic examination, to establish a diagnosis
ablation
removal of a body part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency
anastomosis
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
cutrettage
scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette
electrocauterization
use of electronically activated instrument to burn and destroy diseased tissue
xer/o
dry
extremity
acr/o
disease
path/o
idi/o
unknown, peculiar
destruction of white cells
leukocytolysis
tumor of black
melanoma
ECG
recording of electrical impulses generated in the heart
spirometry
pulmonary function test that measures volume and flow of air into and out of the lung
ultrasound
ultra-high-frequency sound waves emitted by a transducer or probe to produce an image of a body structure on a computer screen
record of sound
sonogram
