Chapter 5: Integumentary Flashcards
Abscess
localization of pus at the site of an infection
acne
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin
- blackheads (comedos)
alopecia
partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin condition (disease)
Bowen Disease
very early form of skin cancer, which is easily curable and characterized by a red, scaly patch on the skin
- squamous cell carcinoma
cellulitis
diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
chloasma
pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spots
comedo
typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin
decubitus ulcer
inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to tissues, usually in elderly bedridden persons
- pressure ulcer
ecchymosis
skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with color changing from bluish-black to greenish-brown or yellow
- bruise
eczema
chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs and accompanied by intense itching (pruritus)
- atopic dermatitis
erythema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
eschar
dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn
impetigo
bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
keratosis
thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin
- callus
- wart
lentigo
small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle-aged or older person
pallor
unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
pediculosis
infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushed, combs, or headgear
petechia
minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
pruritus
intense itching
psoriasis
chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales and caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis
purpura
any of several bleeding disorder characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae
scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
tinea
fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected
- ringworm
urticaria
allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives
verruca
epidermal growth caused by a virus
- warts
vitiligo
localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
allergy skin test
any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient’s sensitivity to it
intradermal allergy skin test
identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction
patch allergy skin test
identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying a suspected allergen to a patch, which is then taped on the skin, usually the forearm, and observing the area 24 hours later for an allergic response
scratch allergy skin test
identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin
- puncture test
- prick test
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
lab test to determine the presence of pathogens in patients with suspected wound infections and identify the appropriate drug therapy to which the organism responds (sensitivity)
biopsy (Bx, bx)
representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination
frozen section (FS) biopsy
ultra thin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
needle biopsy
removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe
punch biopsy
removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
shave biopsy
removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade
Mohs
procedure that involves progressive removal and examination of layers of cancer-containing skin until only cancer-free tissue remains
- micrographic surgery
skin graft
transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site
allograft
transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person
- homograft
autograft
transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another in the same individuals
synthetic graft
transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
xenograft
transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human
- heterograft
chemical peel
chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratosis
- chemabrasion
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature (commonly liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or uninfected tissue
debridement
removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
dermabrasion
rubbing (abrasion) using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis
fulguration
tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current
- electrodessication
photodynamic therapy (PDT)
procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called a photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells
macule
flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1cm in diameter
- freckle
- flat mole
papule
solid, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that may be the same color as the skin or pigmented
- nervus
- wart
- pimple
vesicle
elevated, circumscribed, fluid-filled lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter
- shingles
- chicken pox
nodule
palpable, circumscribed lesion; larger and deeper than a papule (0.6 to 2 cm in diameter); extends into the dermal area
- intradermal nevus
benign or malignant tumor
pustule
small, raised, circumscribed lesion that contains pus; usually less than 1 cm in diameter
- acne
- furuncle
- pustular psoriasis
- scabies
tumor
solid, elevated lesion larger than 2cm in diameter that extends into the dermal and subcutaneous layers
- lipoma
- steatoma
- dermatofibroma
bulla
vesicle or blister larger than 1 cm in diameter
- 2nd degree burns
- severe poison oak
- poison ivy
wheal
elevated, firm, round lesion with localized skin edema that varies in size, shape, and color; paler in the center than surrounding edges; accompanied by itching
- hives
- insect bites
- uticaria
excoriations
linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis
- scratches
- abrasions
- chemical/thermal burns
fissure
small slit or crack line sore that extends into the dermal layer; could be caused by continuous inflammation and drying
ulcer
an open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring
- pressure sore
- basal cell carcinoma
