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Chapter 6: Digestive (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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2
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection

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3
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen

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4
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

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5
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer
- wasting syndrome

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6
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

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7
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

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8
Q

Crohn Disease

A

form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract
- regional enteritis

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9
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

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10
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

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11
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

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12
Q

halitosis

A

foul smelling breath

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13
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

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14
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as external or internal

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15
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel

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16
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation/diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined
- spastic colon

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17
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

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18
Q

melena

A

dark tar like feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

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19
Q

obesity

A

excessive weight accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

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20
Q

morbid obesity

A

obesity in which body mass index (BMI) is greater than 40, and generally 100lbs or more over ideal body weight

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21
Q

obstipation

A

severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

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22
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

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23
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

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24
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

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25
regurgitation
a backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
26
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon
27
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiber-optic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors
28
hepatitis panel
panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus (HAV, HBV, HCV) that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
29
liver function tests (LFTs)
group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract
30
serum bilirubin
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
31
stool culture
test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection
32
stool guaiac
test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult blood in the feces - hemoccalt
33
computed tomography (CT)
imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around an area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
34
lower gastrointestinal series
radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum - lower GI series - barium enema
35
oral cholecystography (OCG)
radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
36
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than X-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues
37
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system, including the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, and pancreatic ducts
38
ultrasonography (US)
test in which high-frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure - ultrasound - sonography - echo
39
abdominal ultrasound
ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder
40
endoscopic ultrasound
combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissues and organs
41
upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)
radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium - barium swallow
42
anastomosis
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
43
ileorectoal anastomosis
surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
44
intestinal anastamosis
surgical connection of two portions of the intestines
45
appendectomy
excision of a diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure
46
open appendectomy
excision of a diseased appendix through a 2" to 3" incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
47
laparoscopic appendectomy
minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor
48
bariatric surgery
group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, and the resultant health problems
49
vertical banded gastroplasty
bariatric surgery that involves verticle stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
50
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)
bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum to form a Y, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats - gastric bypass with gastroenterostomy
51
colostomy
surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms an opening by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place
52
lithotripsy
procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
53
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
54
paracentesis
procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly - abdominocentesis
55
polypectomy
excision of a polyp
56
nasogastric intubation
insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distension by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; instill medication, food or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
57
or/o stomat/o
mouth
58
gloss/o lingu/o
tongue
59
bucc/o
cheek
60
cheil/o labi/o
lip
61
dent/o odont/o
teeth
62
gingiv/o
gum(s)
63
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
64
esophag/o
esophagus
65
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
66
gastr/o
stomach
67
pylor/o
pylorus
68
duoden/o
duodenum
69
enter/o
intestine
70
jejun/o
jejunum
71
ile/o
ileum
72
append/o appendic/o
appendix
73
col/o colon/o
colon
74
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
75
rect/o
rectum
76
proct/o
anus, rectum
77
an/o
anus
78
hepat/o
liver
79
pancrat/o
pancreas
80
cholangi/o
bile vessel
81
chol/e
bile, gall
82
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
83
choledoch/o
bile duct
84
-emesis
vomit
85
-iasis
abnormal condition
86
-megaly
enlargement
87
-orexia
appetite
88
-pepsia
digestion
89
-phagia
swallowing
90
-prandial
meal
91
-rrhea
discharge, flow
92
dia-
through, across
93
peri-
around
94
sub-
under, below
95
diverticulitis
acute inflammation of diverticulae

Med Term (17 decks)

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