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Med Term > Chapter 6: Digestive (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Digestive (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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2
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection

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3
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen

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4
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

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5
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer
- wasting syndrome

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6
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

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7
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

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8
Q

Crohn Disease

A

form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract
- regional enteritis

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9
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

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10
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

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11
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

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12
Q

halitosis

A

foul smelling breath

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13
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

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14
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as external or internal

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15
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel

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16
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation/diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined
- spastic colon

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17
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

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18
Q

melena

A

dark tar like feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

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19
Q

obesity

A

excessive weight accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

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20
Q

morbid obesity

A

obesity in which body mass index (BMI) is greater than 40, and generally 100lbs or more over ideal body weight

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21
Q

obstipation

A

severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

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22
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

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23
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

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24
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

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25
Q

regurgitation

A

a backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

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26
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon

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27
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiber-optic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors

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28
Q

hepatitis panel

A

panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus (HAV, HBV, HCV) that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens

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29
Q

liver function tests (LFTs)

A

group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract

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30
Q

serum bilirubin

A

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

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31
Q

stool culture

A

test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection

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32
Q

stool guaiac

A

test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult blood in the feces
- hemoccalt

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33
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around an area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

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34
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

A

radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum
- lower GI series
- barium enema

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35
Q

oral cholecystography (OCG)

A

radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet

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36
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than X-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues

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37
Q

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

A

special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system, including the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, and pancreatic ducts

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38
Q

ultrasonography (US)

A

test in which high-frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure
- ultrasound
- sonography
- echo

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39
Q

abdominal ultrasound

A

ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder

40
Q

endoscopic ultrasound

A

combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissues and organs

41
Q

upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)

A

radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium
- barium swallow

42
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

43
Q

ileorectoal anastomosis

A

surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

44
Q

intestinal anastamosis

A

surgical connection of two portions of the intestines

45
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of a diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure

46
Q

open appendectomy

A

excision of a diseased appendix through a 2” to 3” incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

47
Q

laparoscopic appendectomy

A

minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor

48
Q

bariatric surgery

A

group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, and the resultant health problems

49
Q

vertical banded gastroplasty

A

bariatric surgery that involves verticle stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

50
Q

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

A

bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum to form a Y, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats
- gastric bypass with gastroenterostomy

51
Q

colostomy

A

surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms an opening by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place

52
Q

lithotripsy

A

procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves

53
Q

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts

54
Q

paracentesis

A

procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly
- abdominocentesis

55
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp

56
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distension by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; instill medication, food or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

57
Q

or/o
stomat/o

A

mouth

58
Q

gloss/o
lingu/o

A

tongue

59
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

60
Q

cheil/o
labi/o

A

lip

61
Q

dent/o
odont/o

A

teeth

62
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum(s)

63
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

64
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

65
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

66
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

67
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

68
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

69
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

70
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

71
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

72
Q

append/o
appendic/o

A

appendix

73
Q

col/o
colon/o

A

colon

74
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

75
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

76
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

77
Q

an/o

A

anus

78
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

79
Q

pancrat/o

A

pancreas

80
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

81
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

82
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

83
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

84
Q

-emesis

A

vomit

85
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

86
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

87
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

88
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

89
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing

90
Q

-prandial

A

meal

91
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

92
Q

dia-

A

through, across

93
Q

peri-

A

around

94
Q

sub-

A

under, below

95
Q

diverticulitis

A

acute inflammation of diverticulae

Med Term (17 decks)

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