Chapter 12: Female Reproductive System (Exam 3, bright orange cards) Flashcards
amni/o
amnion (amniotic sac)
cervic/o
neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)
colp/o
vagin/o
vagina
galact/o
lact/o
milk
gynec/o
woman, female
hyster/o
metri/o
uter/o
uterus (womb)
mamm/o
mast/o
breast
men/o
menses, menstruation
metr/o
uterus (womb); measure
nat/o
birth
oophor/o
ovari/o
ovary
perine/o
perineum (area between the scrotum or the vulva and anus)
salping/o
tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
-arche
beginning
-cyesis
pregnancy
-gravida
pregnant woman
-para
to bear (offspring)
-salpinx
tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
-tocia
childbirth, labor
-version
turning
ante-
before, in front of
dys-
bad; painful; difficult
endo-
in, within
multi-
many, much
post-
after
primi-
first
atresia
congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina
choriocarcinoma
malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
dyspareunia
occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse
endovercivitis
inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri
menstrual disorders
abnormal condition in the menstrual cycle
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
amenorrhea
absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
dysmenorrhea
cramps or painful menstruation
menorrhagia
abnormally heavy, prolonged menstrual period
metrorrhagia
irregular uterine bleeding between menstrual periods or after menopause
oligomenorrhea
abnormally light or infrequent menstrual periods
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
symptoms that occur between ovulation and the onset of menstruation
sterility
inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female
uterine fibroids
Benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus
- leiomyomas
- myomas
- fibroids
abortion (AB)
termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving on its own
abruptio placentae
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor
- placental abruption
breech position
common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than the head
Down syndrome
Genetic condition in which there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy), altering physical and mental development of the child
- trisomy 21
eclampsia
most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity
placenta previa
Obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal and that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates
amniocentesis
Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle (with the needle’s position verified by US on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)
cordocentesis
diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby’s blood is removed from the umbilical cord for testing
- percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)
endometrial biopsy
removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study
insufflation
delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction or apply medication
Papanicolaou (Pap) test
an exfoliative cytology test to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination
pelvimetry
measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow vaginal delivery
hysterosalpingography
radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium
mammography
radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer
transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS)
Ultrasonography of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis
cerclage
suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion or preterm birth
cesarean section (c-section)
incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus
colpocleisis
surgical closure of the vaginal canal
conization
excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination
cryosurgery
process of freezing tissue to destroy cells
- cryocautery
dilation and curettage (D&C)
widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette
hysterectomy
excision of the uterus
subtotal hysterectomy
hysterectomy in which the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain
total hysterectomy
hysterectomy in which the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain
- complete hysterectomy
total plus bilateral salpingo-ooporectomy
total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus
lumpectomy
excision of a small primary breast tumor (or lump) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
mammoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position
augmentation mammoplasty
insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle
reduction mammoplasty
breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast
mastectomy
removal of the breast
total (simple) mastectomy
excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin
modified radical mastectomy
excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) but with the chest muscles left intact
radical mastectomy
excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and the chest wall muscles under the breast
reconstructive breast surgery
creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed as a result of cancer or other disease
tissue (skin) expansion reconstructive surgery
Common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant
transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap
Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area; the abdominal tissue (flap) is then shaped into a natural-looking breast and sutured into place
tubal ligation
procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
intrauterine device (IUD)
small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
endometriosis
growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterus, tissue found anywhere in the body (most commonly within the pelvic area)
culdoscopy
insertion of an endoscope through the posterior wall of the vagina into the pelvic cavity, used to examine the pelvic cavity for signs of endometriosis or adhesions
