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Med Term > Chapter 7: Respiratory (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Respiratory (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

nas/o
rhin/o

A

nose

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2
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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3
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus, cavity

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4
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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5
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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6
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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7
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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8
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

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9
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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10
Q

bronchi/o
bronch/o

A

bronchus, bronchi

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11
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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12
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus; air sac

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13
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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14
Q

pneum/o
pneumon/o

A

air; lung

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15
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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16
Q

anthrac/o

A

coal, coal dust

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17
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete; imperfect

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18
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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19
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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20
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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21
Q

ortho/o

A

straight

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22
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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23
Q

pector/o
steth/o
throac/o

A

chest

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24
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm; mind

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25
Q

spir/o

A

breathe

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26
Q

-capnia

A

carbon dioxide

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27
Q

-osmia

A

smell

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28
Q

-phonia

A

voice

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29
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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30
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

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31
Q

-throax

A

chest

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32
Q

brady-

A

slow

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33
Q

dys-

A

bad; painful; difficult

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34
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

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35
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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36
Q

abnormal breath sounds

A

abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways, commonly leading to a diagnosis of a respiratory or cardiac condition
- adventitious breath sounds

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37
Q

crackle

A

intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli
- rale

38
Q

rhonchus

A

continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring

39
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched, harsh sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

40
Q

wheeze

A

whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory pathway

41
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of body fluids

42
Q

anosmia

A

absence of the sense of smell

43
Q

apnea

A

disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood oxygenation, causing the patient to awaken, gasping for air
- sleep apnea

44
Q

central apnea (CSA)

A

form of sleep apnea that occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing

45
Q

obstructive apnea (OSA)

A

most common form of sleep apnea caused by an upper airway blockage that prevents an adequate flow of air to the lungs

46
Q

mixed apnea

A

type of sleep apnea that occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea occur simultaneously

47
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung

48
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose
- rhinitis

49
Q

croup

A

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs

50
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

life-threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas

51
Q

deviated nasal septum

A

displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nosebleeds

52
Q

epiglottitis

A

severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between ages 2 and 12 years

53
Q

epistaxis

A

nasal hemorrhage
- nose bleed

54
Q

hypoxemia

A

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, which is usually a sign of respiratory impairment and commonly causes hypoxia

55
Q

hypoxia

A

oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis

56
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in the back, arms, and legs
- flu

57
Q

pertussis

A

acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic “whoop” sound
- whooping cough

58
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

59
Q

empyema

A

presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery

60
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing
- pleuritis

61
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

62
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body

63
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months
- crib death

64
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats

65
Q

Mantoux test

A

tuberculosis screening test in which an injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath the surface of the skin to identify a previous exposure to tuberculosis

66
Q

oximetry

A

noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen
- pulse oximetry

67
Q

polysomnography

A

test of sleep cycles and stages using EEGs, which are continuous recordings of brain waves as well as electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and, sometimes, direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera

68
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments

69
Q

spirometry

A

PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and out of the lungs

70
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

71
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities

72
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

73
Q

arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

74
Q

sputum culture

A

microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

75
Q

sweat test

A

measurement of the amount of salt in sweat

76
Q

throat culture

A

test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

77
Q

chest X-ray (CXR)

A

radiographic test that aids in identifying lung conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, and pneumothorax

78
Q

computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

A

minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

79
Q

ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scan

A

nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs
- V-Q lung scan

80
Q

pleurectomy

A

excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

81
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of a lung or portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

82
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum that is usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

83
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
- pleurocentesis
- thoracocentesis

84
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

85
Q

aerosol therapy

A

lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in must form directly to the lungs or air passageways

86
Q

antral lavage

A

washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management

87
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

88
Q

postural drainage

A

method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier

89
Q

emphysema

A

decreased alveolar elasticity; alveoli are unable to fully contract but are able to expand (dilate); commonly occurs with other lung disorders such as asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic bronchitis

90
Q

asthma

A

produces spasms of smooth muscles in bronchial passages; attacks may be sudden and violent (paroxysms); “triggers” include allergens, irritants, and sometimes exercise, cold, and stress

90
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchial passages; most commonly caused by constant irritation (tobacco smoke, pollution, and dust and chemical exposure); other causes are viral and bacterial infections

Med Term (17 decks)

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