Chapter 7: Respiratory (Exam 2) Flashcards
1
Q
nas/o
rhin/o
A
nose
2
Q
sept/o
A
septum
3
Q
sinus/o
A
sinus, cavity
4
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx (throat)
5
Q
adenoid/o
A
adenoids
6
Q
tonsill/o
A
tonsils
7
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
8
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx (voice box)
9
Q
trache/o
A
trachea (windpipe)
10
Q
bronchi/o
bronch/o
A
bronchus, bronchi
11
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole
12
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus; air sac
13
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
14
Q
pneum/o
pneumon/o
A
air; lung
15
Q
pulmon/o
A
lung
16
Q
anthrac/o
A
coal, coal dust
17
Q
atel/o
A
incomplete; imperfect
18
Q
coni/o
A
dust
19
Q
cyan/o
A
blue
20
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
21
Q
ortho/o
A
straight
22
Q
ox/o
A
oxygen
23
Q
pector/o
steth/o
throac/o
A
chest
24
Q
phren/o
A
diaphragm; mind
25
spir/o
breathe
26
-capnia
carbon dioxide
27
-osmia
smell
28
-phonia
voice
29
-pnea
breathing
30
-ptysis
spitting
31
-throax
chest
32
brady-
slow
33
dys-
bad; painful; difficult
34
eu-
good, normal
35
tachy-
rapid
36
abnormal breath sounds
abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways, commonly leading to a diagnosis of a respiratory or cardiac condition
- adventitious breath sounds
37
crackle
intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli
- rale
38
rhonchus
continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring
39
stridor
high-pitched, harsh sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
40
wheeze
whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory pathway
41
acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids
42
anosmia
absence of the sense of smell
43
apnea
disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood oxygenation, causing the patient to awaken, gasping for air
- sleep apnea
44
central apnea (CSA)
form of sleep apnea that occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing
45
obstructive apnea (OSA)
most common form of sleep apnea caused by an upper airway blockage that prevents an adequate flow of air to the lungs
46
mixed apnea
type of sleep apnea that occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea occur simultaneously
47
atelectasis
collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of a lung
48
coryza
acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose
- rhinitis
49
croup
common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs
50
cystic fibrosis (CF)
life-threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas
51
deviated nasal septum
displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nosebleeds
52
epiglottitis
severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between ages 2 and 12 years
53
epistaxis
nasal hemorrhage
- nose bleed
54
hypoxemia
oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, which is usually a sign of respiratory impairment and commonly causes hypoxia
55
hypoxia
oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis
56
influenza
acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in the back, arms, and legs
- flu
57
pertussis
acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic "whoop" sound
- whooping cough
58
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs
59
empyema
presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery
60
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing
- pleuritis
61
pulmonary edema
accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure
62
pulmonary embolism
blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body
63
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months
- crib death
64
tuberculosis (TB)
potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats
65
Mantoux test
tuberculosis screening test in which an injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath the surface of the skin to identify a previous exposure to tuberculosis
66
oximetry
noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen
- pulse oximetry
67
polysomnography
test of sleep cycles and stages using EEGs, which are continuous recordings of brain waves as well as electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and, sometimes, direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera
68
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments
69
spirometry
PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and out of the lungs
70
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor
71
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities
72
mediastinoscopy
visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
73
arterial blood gas (ABG)
test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
74
sputum culture
microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
75
sweat test
measurement of the amount of salt in sweat
76
throat culture
test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
77
chest X-ray (CXR)
radiographic test that aids in identifying lung conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, and pneumothorax
78
computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries
79
ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scan
nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow and blood flow in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs
- V-Q lung scan
80
pleurectomy
excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura
81
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung or portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer
82
septoplasty
surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum that is usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
83
thoracentesis
surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
- pleurocentesis
- thoracocentesis
84
tracheostomy
surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
85
aerosol therapy
lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in must form directly to the lungs or air passageways
86
antral lavage
washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management
87
endotracheal intubation
procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
88
postural drainage
method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier
89
emphysema
decreased alveolar elasticity; alveoli are unable to fully contract but are able to expand (dilate); commonly occurs with other lung disorders such as asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic bronchitis
90
asthma
produces spasms of smooth muscles in bronchial passages; attacks may be sudden and violent (paroxysms); "triggers" include allergens, irritants, and sometimes exercise, cold, and stress
90
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchial passages; most commonly caused by constant irritation (tobacco smoke, pollution, and dust and chemical exposure); other causes are viral and bacterial infections
