Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal (Exam 2) Flashcards
1
Q
leiomy/o
A
smooth (visceral) muscle
2
Q
muscul/o
my/o
A
muscle
3
Q
rhabd/o
A
rod-shaped (striated)
4
Q
rhabdomy/o
A
rod-shaped (striated) muscle
5
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
6
Q
carp/o
A
carpus (wrist bone)
7
Q
cephal/o
A
head
8
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix uteri
9
Q
clavicul/o
A
clavicle (collar bone)
10
Q
cost/o
A
ribs
11
Q
crani/o
A
cranium (skull)
12
Q
dactyl/o
A
fingers; toes
13
Q
humer/o
A
humerus (upper arm bone)
14
Q
metacarp/o
A
metacarpus (hand bones)
15
Q
phalang/o
A
phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)
16
Q
radi/o
A
radiation, X-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)
17
Q
spondyl/o
vertebr/o
A
vertebrae (backbone)
18
Q
stern/o
A
sternum (breastbone)
19
Q
thorac/o
A
chest
20
Q
calcane/o
A
calcaneum (heel bone)
21
Q
femor/o
A
femur (thigh bone)
22
Q
fibul/o
A
fibula (smaller bone of the lower leg)
23
Q
ili/o
A
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)
24
Q
ischi/o
A
ischium (lower portion of the hip bone)
25
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
26
metatars/o
metatarsus (foot bones)
27
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
28
pelv/i
pelv/o
pelvis
29
pod/o
foot
30
pub/o
pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
31
tibi/o
tibia (large bone of the lower leg)
32
ankyl/o
stiffness; bent, crooked
33
arthr/o
joint
34
chrondr/o
cartilage
35
fasci/o
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
36
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous tissue
37
kyph/o
humpback
38
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
39
lord/o
curve, swayback
40
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
41
orth/o
straight
42
oste/o
bone
43
ped/o
ped/i
foot; child
44
scoli/o
crooked, bent
45
synov/o
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
46
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
tendon
47
-asthenia
weakness, debility
48
-clasia
to break; surgical fracture
49
-clast
to break; surgical fracture
50
-desis
binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
51
-malacia
softening
52
-porosis
porous
53
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
54
a-
without, not
55
dys-
bad; painful; difficult
56
syn-
union, together, joined
57
closed fracture (simple)
break with no external skin wound
58
open fracture (compound)
break with external wound that leads to the fracture site and a piece of bone protruding through the skin
59
complicated fracture
broken bone injures an internal organ such as the lung
60
comminuted fracture
bone broken or splintered into pieces
61
impacted fracture
end of broken bone wedged into the interior of another bone
62
incomplete fracture
fracture line does not include the whole bone
63
greenstick fracture
break in which bone is partially bent and splint, which occurs most commonly in children, especially in those who have rickets, or adults with soft bones
64
colles fracture
break in lower end of radius, which commonly occurs when the wrist is extended to break a fall
65
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic, progressive, systemic inflammatory disease; affects the synovial membranes of joints; possibly cartilage destruction, bone erosion, and joint deformity
66
arthrography
series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint
67
bone density test (bone densitometry)
noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy X-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm
- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
68
discography
radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium
69
lumbosacral spinal radiography
radiography of the five vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine
70
myelography
radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
71
bone scintigraphy
nuclear medicine procedure that involves intravenous injection of a radionuclide taken up into the bone
72
amputation
partial or complete removal of an extremity as a result of disease, trauma, or a circulatory disorder
73
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid of inject medications
74
arthroclasia
surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
75
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope
76
bone grafting
implantation of transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
77
bursectomy
excision of a bursa (pad-like sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)
78
laminectomy
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
79
sequestrectomy
excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
80
total hip replacement (THR)
surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
81
bone immobilization
procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process
82
casting
bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material
83
splinting
bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part
84
traction
set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system
85
bunion (hallux valgus)
deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toe
86
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)
87
claudication
lameness, limping
88
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
89
crepitation
dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
90
ganglion cyst
fluid-filled tumor that commonly develops along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands but may also appear in the feet
91
gout
joint inflammation caused by uric acid crystal deposits in the joint space
92
herniated disk
rupture of a vertebral disk's center (nucleus pulposis) through its outer edge, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs
- slipped disc
- herniated nucleus pulposis (HVP)
93
hypotonia
loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
94
myasthenia gravis
chronic, progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness, especially in the eyes, face, throat, and limbs
95
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone
96
osteoporosis
loss of calcium and bone tissue, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured; most commonly seen in post-menopausal women
97
Paget disease
chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
98
phantom limb
perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
99
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
- rachitis
100
spinal curvatures
any persistent, abnormal deviation of the vertebral column from its normal position that causes an abnormal spinal curvature
101
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, either to the right or left
- C-shaped curvature
102
Kyphosis
abnormal curvature of the upper portion of the spine
- humpback
- hunchback
103
lordosis
abnormal, inward curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine
- swayback
104
spondylolisthesis
any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its original (normal) position in relationship to the one beneath it
105
spondylosis
degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
106
sprain and strain
overstretching or tearing of ligaments (sprain) or muscle or tendon (strain)
107
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae
108
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side
- clubfoot
