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Med Term > Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth (visceral) muscle

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2
Q

muscul/o
my/o

A

muscle

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3
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped (striated)

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4
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

rod-shaped (striated) muscle

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5
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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6
Q

carp/o

A

carpus (wrist bone)

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7
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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8
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri

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9
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle (collar bone)

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10
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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11
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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12
Q

dactyl/o

A

fingers; toes

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13
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

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14
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpus (hand bones)

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15
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)

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16
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, X-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)

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17
Q

spondyl/o
vertebr/o

A

vertebrae (backbone)

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18
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

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19
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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20
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

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21
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

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22
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller bone of the lower leg)

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23
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)

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24
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (lower portion of the hip bone)

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25
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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26
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsus (foot bones)

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27
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

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28
Q

pelv/i
pelv/o

A

pelvis

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29
Q

pod/o

A

foot

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30
Q

pub/o

A

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

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31
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (large bone of the lower leg)

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32
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness; bent, crooked

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33
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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34
Q

chrondr/o

A

cartilage

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35
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

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36
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

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37
Q

kyph/o

A

humpback

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38
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

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39
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback

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40
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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41
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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42
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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43
Q

ped/o
ped/i

A

foot; child

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44
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent

45
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

46
Q

ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o

A

tendon

47
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, debility

48
Q

-clasia

A

to break; surgical fracture

49
Q

-clast

A

to break; surgical fracture

50
Q

-desis

A

binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)

51
Q

-malacia

A

softening

52
Q

-porosis

A

porous

53
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

54
Q

a-

A

without, not

55
Q

dys-

A

bad; painful; difficult

56
Q

syn-

A

union, together, joined

57
Q

closed fracture (simple)

A

break with no external skin wound

58
Q

open fracture (compound)

A

break with external wound that leads to the fracture site and a piece of bone protruding through the skin

59
Q

complicated fracture

A

broken bone injures an internal organ such as the lung

60
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone broken or splintered into pieces

61
Q

impacted fracture

A

end of broken bone wedged into the interior of another bone

62
Q

incomplete fracture

A

fracture line does not include the whole bone

63
Q

greenstick fracture

A

break in which bone is partially bent and splint, which occurs most commonly in children, especially in those who have rickets, or adults with soft bones

64
Q

colles fracture

A

break in lower end of radius, which commonly occurs when the wrist is extended to break a fall

65
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic, progressive, systemic inflammatory disease; affects the synovial membranes of joints; possibly cartilage destruction, bone erosion, and joint deformity

66
Q

arthrography

A

series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint

67
Q

bone density test (bone densitometry)

A

noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy X-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm
- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

68
Q

discography

A

radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium

69
Q

lumbosacral spinal radiography

A

radiography of the five vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine

70
Q

myelography

A

radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions

71
Q

bone scintigraphy

A

nuclear medicine procedure that involves intravenous injection of a radionuclide taken up into the bone

72
Q

amputation

A

partial or complete removal of an extremity as a result of disease, trauma, or a circulatory disorder

73
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid of inject medications

74
Q

arthroclasia

A

surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement

75
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope

76
Q

bone grafting

A

implantation of transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue

77
Q

bursectomy

A

excision of a bursa (pad-like sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)

78
Q

laminectomy

A

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

79
Q

sequestrectomy

A

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

80
Q

total hip replacement (THR)

A

surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis

81
Q

bone immobilization

A

procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process

82
Q

casting

A

bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material

83
Q

splinting

A

bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part

84
Q

traction

A

set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system

85
Q

bunion (hallux valgus)

A

deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toe

86
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)

87
Q

claudication

A

lameness, limping

88
Q

contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

89
Q

crepitation

A

dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

90
Q

ganglion cyst

A

fluid-filled tumor that commonly develops along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands but may also appear in the feet

91
Q

gout

A

joint inflammation caused by uric acid crystal deposits in the joint space

92
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of a vertebral disk’s center (nucleus pulposis) through its outer edge, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs
- slipped disc
- herniated nucleus pulposis (HVP)

93
Q

hypotonia

A

loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

94
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic, progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness, especially in the eyes, face, throat, and limbs

95
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone

96
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of calcium and bone tissue, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured; most commonly seen in post-menopausal women

97
Q

Paget disease

A

chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull

98
Q

phantom limb

A

perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists

99
Q

rickets

A

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
- rachitis

100
Q

spinal curvatures

A

any persistent, abnormal deviation of the vertebral column from its normal position that causes an abnormal spinal curvature

101
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, either to the right or left
- C-shaped curvature

102
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal curvature of the upper portion of the spine
- humpback
- hunchback

103
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal, inward curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine
- swayback

104
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its original (normal) position in relationship to the one beneath it

105
Q

spondylosis

A

degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues

106
Q

sprain and strain

A

overstretching or tearing of ligaments (sprain) or muscle or tendon (strain)

107
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae

108
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side
- clubfoot

Med Term (17 decks)

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