Chapter 8 Biochemistry and Nutriton Flashcards
keratin and collagen are examples of what type of protein?
structural
what type of fatty acid contains carbon-carbon double bonds?
unsaturated
what is the primary source of energy used by the body for all metabolic processes?
glucose (or dextrose)
after consuming large amounts of fat, an animal’s centrifuged plasma will be cloudy, a condition called….
lipemia
a fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by the body is called a/an……fatty acid.
essential
which liver protein helps emulsify fats for absorption?
bile
guinea pigs require which vitamin in their diet?
vitamin C
simple sugars are also known as…..
monosaccharides
complex carbohydrates, like starch, are called…..
polysaccharides
the complex of cholesterol or triglyceride and protein is a ………
lipoprotein
What best describes a peptide?
a. A small protein
b. A protein chain of a single amino acid.
c. A protein containing essential amino acids
d. A molecule containing a protein and a lipid
a. A small protein
Enzymes are made up of what type of organic compound?
a. Lipids
b. Vitamins
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
c. Proteins
What statement best describes essential fatty acids?
a. They cannot be synthesized by the body.
b. They are necessary to form strong bones.
c. They are the precursors of adipose cells.
d. They must be digested before they can enter the bloodstream.
a. They cannot be synthesized by the body.
Which carbohydrate is a monosaccharide?
a. Starch
b. Glycogen
c. Glucose
d. Cellulose
c. Glucose
How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 2 saccharide units?
a. Monosaccharide
b. Disaccharide
c. Oligosaccharide
a. d. Polysaccharide
b. Disaccharide
Steroids are what type of compound?
a. Protein
b. Lipid
c. Carbohydrate
d. Vitamin
b. Lipid
Prostaglandin is a hormone primarily composed of what type of compound?
a. Proteins
b. Lipids
c. Carbohydrate
d. Nucleic acids
b. Lipids
The three components of a nucleotide are a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a ___________.
a. pentose sugar
b. ketone
c. glycogen group
d. lipase enzyme
a. pentose sugar
An imbalance in the different types of lipoproteins (HDL versus LDL) is a major contributing factor in which of the following diseases? a. Diabetes b. Tuberculosis c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Atherosclerosis
d. Atherosclerosis
What role do enzymes play in the body?
a. They make up fibers that join together and offer support for body parts.
b. They transport nutrients in the bloodstream.
c. They control chemical reactions inside the cells.
d. They prevent foreign bodies from entering the cells.
c. They control chemical reactions inside the cells.
Vitamins partner with which of the following to help maintain normal cell functions?
a. Enzymes
b. Lipids
c. Nucleic acids
d. Steroids
a. Enzymes
Diabetes mellitus results from the abnormal production or use of what substance?
a. Lactose
b. Insulin
c. Glucose
d. Sucrose
b. Insulin
In phenylketonuria, which of the following substances is in higher than normal concentration in the blood and tissues? a. Polypeptide b. Phenylalanine c. Pepsin d. Protein
b. Phenylalanine
What are the basic components of proteins?
a. Nucleic acids
b. Monosaccharides
c. Lipids
d. Amino acids
d. Amino acids
Collagen and keratin are what type of protein?
a. A transport protein
b. A structural protein
c. A hormone
d. A regulatory protein
b. A structural protein
In circulating blood, _________attaches to proteins to form lipoproteins.
a. pepsin
b. glucose
c. nucleic acid
d. cholesterol
d. cholesterol
