Chapter 8 Biochemistry and Nutriton

Question 1

keratin and collagen are examples of what type of protein?

Answer 1

structural

Question 2

what type of fatty acid contains carbon-carbon double bonds?

Answer 2

unsaturated

Question 3

what is the primary source of energy used by the body for all metabolic processes?

Answer 3

glucose (or dextrose)

Question 4

after consuming large amounts of fat, an animal’s centrifuged plasma will be cloudy, a condition called….

Answer 4

lipemia

Question 5

a fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by the body is called a/an……fatty acid.

Answer 5

essential

Question 6

which liver protein helps emulsify fats for absorption?

Answer 6

bile

Question 7

guinea pigs require which vitamin in their diet?

Answer 7

vitamin C

Question 8

simple sugars are also known as…..

Answer 8

monosaccharides

Question 9

complex carbohydrates, like starch, are called…..

Answer 9

polysaccharides

Question 10

the complex of cholesterol or triglyceride and protein is a ………

Answer 10

lipoprotein

Question 11

What best describes a peptide?

a. A small protein
b. A protein chain of a single amino acid.
c. A protein containing essential amino acids
d. A molecule containing a protein and a lipid

Answer 11

a. A small protein

Question 12

Enzymes are made up of what type of organic compound?

a. Lipids
b. Vitamins
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates

Answer 12

c. Proteins

Question 13

What statement best describes essential fatty acids?

a. They cannot be synthesized by the body.
b. They are necessary to form strong bones.
c. They are the precursors of adipose cells.
d. They must be digested before they can enter the bloodstream.

Answer 13

a. They cannot be synthesized by the body.

Question 14

Which carbohydrate is a monosaccharide?

a. Starch
b. Glycogen
c. Glucose
d. Cellulose

Answer 14

c. Glucose

Question 15

How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 2 saccharide units?

a. Monosaccharide
b. Disaccharide
c. Oligosaccharide
a. d. Polysaccharide

Answer 15

b. Disaccharide

Question 16

Steroids are what type of compound?

a. Protein
b. Lipid
c. Carbohydrate
d. Vitamin

Answer 16

b. Lipid

Question 17

Prostaglandin is a hormone primarily composed of what type of compound?

a. Proteins
b. Lipids
c. Carbohydrate
d. Nucleic acids

Answer 17

b. Lipids

Question 18

The three components of a nucleotide are a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a ___________.

a. pentose sugar
b. ketone
c. glycogen group
d. lipase enzyme

Answer 18

a. pentose sugar

Question 19

An imbalance in the different types of lipoproteins (HDL versus LDL) is a major contributing factor in
which of the following diseases?
a. Diabetes
b. Tuberculosis
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Atherosclerosis

Answer 19

d. Atherosclerosis

Question 20

What role do enzymes play in the body?

a. They make up fibers that join together and offer support for body parts.
b. They transport nutrients in the bloodstream.
c. They control chemical reactions inside the cells.
d. They prevent foreign bodies from entering the cells.

Answer 20

c. They control chemical reactions inside the cells.

Question 21

Vitamins partner with which of the following to help maintain normal cell functions?

a. Enzymes
b. Lipids
c. Nucleic acids
d. Steroids

Answer 21

a. Enzymes

Question 22

Diabetes mellitus results from the abnormal production or use of what substance?

a. Lactose
b. Insulin
c. Glucose
d. Sucrose

Answer 22

b. Insulin

Question 23

In phenylketonuria, which of the following substances is in higher than normal concentration in the
blood and tissues?
a. Polypeptide
b. Phenylalanine
c. Pepsin
d. Protein

Answer 23

b. Phenylalanine

Question 24

What are the basic components of proteins?

a. Nucleic acids
b. Monosaccharides
c. Lipids
d. Amino acids

Answer 24

d. Amino acids

Question 25

Collagen and keratin are what type of protein?

a. A transport protein
b. A structural protein
c. A hormone
d. A regulatory protein

Answer 25

b. A structural protein

Question 26

In circulating blood, _________attaches to proteins to form lipoproteins.

a. pepsin
b. glucose
c. nucleic acid
d. cholesterol

Answer 26

d. cholesterol