Chapter 13 Agents of Infectious Disease Flashcards
what is the most common sign of B virus infection in macaques?
oral ulcers
how is a diagnosis of flukes made?
examination of eggs in feces or necropsy
what are tapeworm segments that can reproduce independently called?
proglottids
spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites are all types of:
arachnids
what is pediculosis?
infestation with mice
prions consist only of what molecules?
protein
fungal infections inside the body are referred to as….
systemic
which disease is a common pathogen of zebrafish?
pseudoloma neurophilia
a fungus that infects the skin and nails is also called a…
dermatophyte
name four types of clinically relevant protozoa.
flagellates, ciliates, apicomplexans and amoebas
name the five categories of pathogenic organisms that can cause infectious disease.
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions
name two genera of medically significant spore-forming bacteria.
clostridium and bacillus
what type of bacteria need no oxygen to survive?
anaerobic
which RNA viruses are most commonly spread by ticks, mites, and mosquitos?
abroviruses
how are animal viruses primarily classified?
by the type of nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
Which characteristic is true of all bacteria?
a. They lack mitochondria.
b. They have a well-defined nucleus.
c. They can only live inside a host’s cells.
d. They do not require oxygen to survive.
a. They lack mitochondria.
What is the function of a flagellum in a bacterium?
a. It has a role in reproduction.
b. It helps in locomotion.
c. It contains the organism’s organelles.
d. It secretes the cell wall.
b. It helps in locomotion.
A bacterium requiring normal atmospheric oxygen concentration to survive is called:
a. Normal
b. Anaerobic
c. Aerobic
d. Microaerophilic
c. Aerobic
What are bacteria that can grow in low oxygen environments called?
a. Normal
b. Anaerobic
c. Aerobic
d. Microaerophilic
d. Microaerophilic
B virus belongs to which group of viruses?
a. Herpesviruses
b. Papova viruses
c. Arboviruses
d. Enteroviruses
a. Herpesviruses
The term “slow viruses” is often used to describe:
a. DNA viruses.
b. RNA viruses.
c. fungi.
d. prions.
d. Prions
What is the term for the study of fungi?
a. Mycology
b. Virology
c. Physiology
d. Parasitology
a. Mycology
Which produces a mycelium?
a. Viruses growing in culture
b. A mold colony
c. Individual yeast cells growing on agar
d. The agglutination of slimy bacterial spores
b. A mold colony
What type of disease is ringworm an example of?
a. Viral disease
b. Bacterial disease
c. Mycosis
d. Noninfectious condition
c. Mycosis
What easily observable signs could suggest a diagnosis of dermatophytosis?
a. Red areas around the nose and eyes
b. Crusty lesions around a few hairs or a slight scaliness of the skin
c. Elevated body temperature
d. Pruritic lesions on the skin
. b. Crusty lesions around a few hairs or a slight scaliness of the skin
Superficial mycoses may be caused by what organism?
a. Candida spp.
b. West Nile virus
c. Clostridium tetani
d. Microsporum spp.
d. Microsporum spp.
What is the best way to determine if protozoan cysts are present in an animal?
a. Microscopic examination of a blood smear
b. Gross examination of the skin around the anus
c. Examination of a wet mount stool sample
d. Examination of the muscle tissue at necropsy
c. Examination of a wet mount stool sample
Giardia spp. are ___________ that live in their host’s gastrointestinal tract.
a. flagellates
b. ciliates
c. apicomplexans
d. coccidians
a. flagellates
What is the invertebrate vector for the malarial parasite Plasmodium?
a. Mites
b. Snail
c. Mosquitoes
d. Flea larva
c. Mosquitoes
Flatworms, roundworms, and thorny-headed worms all belong to which group of parasites?
a. Ciliates
b. Apicomplexans
c. Helminths
d. Arthropoda
c. Helminths
What group of parasites is generally flat dorsoventrally, has suckers, and has larval forms that hatch in water? a. Cestodes b. Trematodes c. Nematodes d. Acanthocephalids
b. Trematodes
What is the scolex in a tapeworm?
a. A larval form
b. A feeding organ
c. A reproductive organ
d. A holdfast organ
d. A holdfast organ
What are hydatid cysts?
a. Fluid-filled cyst containing tapeworm larvae
b. Nodules of scar tissue often found in abdominal organs
c. Sac-like structure that is excreted in the feces of animals infected by cestodes
d. Skin abscesses resulting from ectoparasite infestation around the hair shafts
. a. Fluid-filled cyst containing tapeworm larvae
Mosquitoes are vectors for the transmission of which parasites?
a. Tapeworms
b. Heartworms
c. Pinworms
d. Strongyles
b. Heartworms
What is the most common arachnid parasite found in animal facilities?
a. Ticks
b. Spiders
c. Mites
d. Fleas
c. Mites
What are nits?
a. A larval form of protozoa
b. The eggs of lice
c. The cocoons of fleas
d. A type of pentastomid
b. The eggs of lice
What is the term used to describe mite infestation?
a. Acariasis
b. Pediculosis
c. Mitosis
d. Arthrosis
a. Acariasis
What practice would NOT help prevent disease in animal colonies?
a. Limit non-staff visitation.
b. Rotate staff regularly.
c. Wear appropriate uniforms.
d. Wash hands frequently.
b. Rotate staff regularly
When an infectious disease spreads in a colony of rodents, what is often the only effective way to
eliminate it?
a. Use of a cocktail of several antibiotics
b. Use of a combination of antiviral drugs and antibiotics
c. Depopulation
d. Quarantine
c. Depopulation
Deworming is a method used to remove which stage of helminth parasites?
a. Eggs
b. Larval
c. Proglottid
d. Adult
d. Adult
Control of helminth infections includes treating with ______________ and _____________.
a. anthelmintics; eliminating the intermediate host
b. antibiotics; disinfecting the room
c. vaccinations; using antiviral drugs
d. antidiarrheals; reducing the number of animals housed in the room
a. anthelmintics; eliminating the intermediate host
The process of eliminating some parasites by giving the affected animal an anthelmintic drug is
commonly referred by which of the following terms?
a. Emetic treatment
b. Deworming
c. Worming
d. Vermin eradication
. b. Deworming
Cats are the true definitive host for which of the following?
a. Balantidium coli
b. Eimeria stiedae
c. Psoroptes cuniculi
d. Toxoplasma gondii
d. Toxoplasma gondii
Cestodes belong in which of the following groups of animals?
a. Microsporidians
b. Acanthocephalids
c. Helminths
d. Nematodes
. c. Helminths
Which of the following characteristics is NOT used to classify a microorganism?
a. Staining characteristics
b. Colony morphology
c. Motility
d. Nitrogen requirements
d. Nitrogen requirements
Which of the following statements about Pneumocystis spp. is incorrect?
a. Pneumocystis is a significant clinical concern in immunosuppressed animals
b. Pneumocystis is a common organism found in many different laboratory species
c. Pneumocystis is a cutaneous mycosis causing hair loss and scaly skin
d. Because it can colonize inside an animal, it is considered a systemic mycosis
c. Pneumocystis is a cutaneous mycosis causing hair loss and scaly skin
Prions are infectious agents consisting only of what type of biomolecule?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. Carbohydrate
d. Protein
d. Protein
A trypanosome infection would most likely be found in which species?
a. Nonhuman primates
b. Ruminants
c. Birds
d. Fish
a. Nonhuman primates
Pinworms belong to which group of helminths?
a. Cestodes
b. Trematodes
c. Nematodes
d. Acanthocephalids
. c. Nematodes
Where would you expect to find Dirofilaria immitis during the necropsy of a dog?
a. In the heart
b. In the liver
c. In the small intestine
d. In the feces
a. In the heart
Flea larvae are an intermediate host for which species?
a. Dipylidium caninum
b. Taenia pisiformis
c. Hymenolepsis nana
d. Spirocerca lupi
a. Dipylidium caninum
Which statement does NOT apply to annelid parasites?
a. They are leeches.
b. They may cause nose-bleed in monkeys.
c. They can be removed by gentle traction with forceps.
d. They cause infestations known as pediculosis.
d. They cause infestations known as pediculosis.
Which statement is true of a subclinical disease?
a. It is diagnosed by laboratory tests.
b. It is an acute form of the disease.
c. It does not occur in animals in the wild.
d. Signs of the disease are apparent upon gross examination of the animal.
a. It is diagnosed by laboratory tests.
Which characteristic best describes cocci bacteria?
a. They form spores.
b. They have a spherical shape.
c. They grow better in an acidic environment (below pH 6).
d. They have a flagellum.
b. They have a spherical shape.
Which animal is most likely to have internal parasites?
a. Minipig
b. SPF rabbit
c. Unconditioned dog
d. Purpose-bred cat
. c. Unconditioned dog
trematodes
flukes
flat and have simple digestive and excretory systems and have oral suckers
diagnosis is made microscopically
cestodes
flatworms/tapeworms
elongated and highly segmented; chains of segments called proglottids
Dipylidium caninum
nematodes
roundworms
nonsegmented and cylindridcal and elongate worms
examples:
whipworms (trichuris spp.)
ascarids (toxocara canis/cati/leonina)
pinworms (syphacia spp and aspicularis tetraptera)
hookworms (ancylostoma caninum and oesophagostomum spp.)
filaria (dirofilaria immitis)
thorny-headed worms (acanthocephala)
leeches (hirudinea)
arthropods
jointed legs and an exoskeleton
arachnids, insects and pentastomids.
arachnids
spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
life cycle - eggs, larva, nymph and adult
insects
lice, fleas, flies, mosquitoes.
pentastomids
unique arthropods
internal parasites found mainly in the respiratory tract, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of reptiles.
