Chapter 7 Occupational Health and Safety Flashcards
Are X-rays more or less penetrating than charged alpha or beta particles?
more
how is the half-life of a radioactive isotope defined?
time required for the initial number of radioactive atoms to decrease by half
what test needs to be done prior to using a respirator?
fit test
which class of biological safety cabinet provides the highest level of protection for personnel?
class III
how often is certification of performance required for biological safety cabinets?
annually
under which Animal Biosafety Level are no special barriers recommended, other than a sink for handwashing?
animal biosafety level 1 (ASBL-1)
about what percentage of people who work with laboratory animals develop allergic symptoms to the animals?
44%
t or f: protein in saliva and urine can be a potent allergn.
true
name three types of ionizing radiation emitted during decay of a radioisotope.
alpha particles, beta particles, gamma radiation and X-rays
which material offers protection against all forms of radiation?
lead shielding
what is the term for the estimate of the reasonable level of a chemical to which a worker can be exposed without adverse effects?
threshold limit value
what is the name for infections that are transmitted from animals to people?
zoonoses
what two types of personal protection are necessary for employees who work under ultraviolet light?
eye and skin protection
the threshold limit value of a chemical substance does not take which factor into account?
the cumulative effect off exposure
t or f: ergonomic hazards are a leading cause of workplace injury?
true
What publication is considered the standard by which all occupational health programs involving
research animals are measured?
a. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals
b. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
c. APHIS Animal Care Policy Manual
d. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
a. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals
Which individuals or groups have a responsibility in developing and implementing the components of
the institution’s occupational health and safety program?
a. The senior institutional official
b. The researchers
c. The institution’s environmental health and safety personnel
d. All of the above
. d. All of the above
Heavy equipment, sharps, and animal bites are considered what type of occupational hazard?
a. Biological
b. Physical
c. Allergy-related
d. Zoonotic
b. Physical
Which areas should be assessed in the development of an occupational health program?
a. The intensity and frequency of exposure
b. The health history of individual employees
c. The protective equipment available for use
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Employee occupational health training in the animal facility should include which of the following?
a. Certifying a biosafety cabinet
b. Identifying the pathogens from microscopic slides
c. Learning about the safety practices and equipment available to control exposure to hazards
d. Learning the names and characteristics of all hazardous chemicals used in the facility
c. Learning about the safety practices and equipment available to control exposure to hazards
Which groups are typically involved in conducting an occupational health and safety risk assessment?
a. The IACUC
b. The EH&S office
c. The Institutional Biosafety Committee
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which action can help prevent injuries inflicted by animals in the facility?
a. Becoming familiar with the species-specific behaviors of the animals in the facility
b. Minimizing the use of restraints which can make the animals nervous
c. Avoiding direct contact with the animals
d. All of the above
a. Becoming familiar with the species-specific behaviors of the animals in the facility
What is a potential hazard related to the use of lasers during surgery?
a. Exposure to aerosols and gases
b. Exposure to loud noise
c. Exposure to radioactivity
d. Exposure to toxic substances
a. Exposure to aerosols and gases
Which of the following are potentially hazardous?
a. Disinfectants
b. Inhalant anesthetics
c. Test substances used in experiments
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which term represents an estimate of the reasonable level of a chemical to which a worker can be exposed without adverse effects? a. Maximum allowable limit b. Threshold limit value c. Safety level d. Tolerance threshold
b. Threshold limit value
Which element is not a component of the Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals? a. Hazard pictograms b. Hazard statements c. Hazard number d. Signal words
c. Hazard number
Statistics show that about \_\_\_\_ % of the people who work with laboratory animals develop allergic symptoms. a. 15 b. 44 c. 50 d. 75
b. 44
. Infectious agents, oncogenic viruses, and recombinant DNA are all considered what type of hazards?
a. Chemical
b. Physical
c. Biological
d. Radiation
c. Biological
What best describes recombinant DNA?
a. DNA that has been polymerized
b. DNA that replicates itself easily
c. DNA that can cause a disease when given to an animal
d. DNA that has been created in the laboratory
d. DNA that has been created in the laboratory
What publication gives detailed descriptions of the different biosafety levels that are used to describe
work with infectious agents?
a. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
b. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
c. Guide to the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
d. U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing,
Research, and Training
a. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
Which ABSL level relates to infectious agents that cause serious or potentially lethal diseases when inhaled? a. ABSL-1 and higher b. ABSL-2 and higher c. ABSL-3 and higher d. ABSL-4 only
c. ABSL-3 and higher
Which ABSL level is used for working an infectious agent that is well characterized and known to not cause disease in humans? a. ABSL-1 b. ABSL-2 c. ABSL-3 d. ABSL-4
a. ABSL-1
Work with moderate risk agents that are associated with human diseases of varying severity should be performed at which ABSL level? a. ABSL-1 b. ABSL-2 c. ABSL-3 d. ABSL-4
b. ABSL-2
Which of the following is NOT a zoonotic disease?
a. Parvovirus
b. Tetanus
c. Tuberculosis
d. Rabies
a. Parvovirus
Which vaccination is recommended for researchers who work with serum, blood, or tissues from humans or ape? a. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus b. Q fever c. B virus d. Hepatitis B
d. Hepatitis B
As a radioactive substance decays, the energy and particles emitted are referred to as:
a. Radiation
b. Half life
c. Isotopes
d. Ionization
a. Radiation
Carbon-14, tritium, and Iodine-125 are all what type of element?
a. Organic compounds
b. Radioisotopes
c. Electromagnetic waves
d. Macromolecules
b. Radioisotopes
Which statement best describes alpha particles?
a. They consist of two protons.
b. They are charged particles, either an electron or a positron.
c. They are a type of electromagnetic radiation.
d. They are stable particles.
a. They consist of two protons.
Which statement describes gamma radiation?
a. Gamma radiation consists of two protons.
b. Gamma radiation contains charged particles, either electrons or positrons.
c. Gamma radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation.
d. Gamma radiation consists of stable particles.
c. Gamma radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation.
Which of the following characteristics applies to alpha particles?
a. They travel only short distances in the air.
b. They can penetrate through the skin.
c. A thick lead sheet is needed to protect the body from alpha particles.
d. They are not produced by radioactive decay.
a. They travel only short distances in the air.
Which of the following are small particles that move at high speed and are moderately penetrating of tissue? a. Alpha particles b. Beta particles c. Gamma radiation d. X-rays
b. Beta particles
- Which of the following is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is generated nonradioactively?
a. Alpha particles
b. Beta particles
c. Gamma radiation
d. X-rays
d. X-rays
Which phrase best describes bremsstrahlung?
a. A breakdown product of alpha particles
b. An type of radiation produced by beta particles when they decelerate
c. A subatomic particle that is positively charged
d. An alpha-emitting radioisotope
b. A type of radiation produced by beta particles when they decelerate
What factors should determine the selection of a respirator?
a. The nature and degree of possible hazard
b. The use of a pulmonary function test
c. The comfort of the user
d. The cost of the apparatus
a. The nature and degree of possible hazard
A respirator must meet the standards of and be maintained in accordance with_______ specifications.
a. OSHA
b. CDC
c. EPA
d. FDA
a. OSHA
What does the “N” indicate in an N-95 type of respirator?
a. Negative pressure
b. Not resistant to oil
c. Negative fit
d. Not reusable
b. Not resistant to oil
What type of respirator is most typically used in animal facilities?
a. N-95 respirator
b. Class III respirator
c. BSL-4 respirator
d. P-90 respirator
a. N-95 respirator
Which class of biosafety cabinets protects the user against direct contact with the contents of the cabinet? a. Class I b. Class II c. Class III d. All of the above
c. Class III
A HEPA filter removes particles that are _________ in diameter or larger.
a. 0.2 microns
b. 0.3 microns
c. 0.5 microns
d. 0.7 microns
b. 0.3 microns
Which of the following is suitable for working with volatile agents?
a. Class II biosafety cabinet
b. Laminar flow workstation
c. Fume hood
d. None of the above
c. Fume hood
What should be done in a biosafety cabinet prior to and upon completion of each work session involving
a biohazard?
a. The cabinet operation should be recertified.
b. The HEPA filter should be changed.
c. A bacterial culture should be performed to check for bacterial growth on the work surface.
d. The work surface should be wiped with a decontaminating solution.
d. The work surface should be wiped with a decontaminating solution.
Establishing good containment safeguards for general waste helps prevent which of the following?
a. Environmental contamination with radioactive material
b. Dispersal of pathogens in sewerage systems
c. Objectionable odors and allergic aerosols
d. All of the above
c. Objectionable odors and allergic aerosols
In the animal facility, who has the primary responsibility for the safe handling and disposal of hazardous
waste?
a. The individuals whose activities created the waste
b. The custodial staff
c. The environmental safety office
d. The biosafety committee
. a. The individuals whose activities created the waste
What are important precautions for personnel who handle hazardous waste?
a. Wear gloves.
b. Wear laboratory coats.
c. Wash hands frequently.
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What is the method generally used to decontaminate large volumes of contaminated bedding?
a. Autoclaving
b. Burial in landfills
c. Incineration
d. Disinfection with a bleach solution
. c. Incineration
For small scale accidents in the facility, in what order should the following three steps be taken?
a. Secure the area, leave the area, call for help
b. Leave the area, call for help, secure the area
c. Call for help, secure the area, leave the area
d. Secure the area, call for help, leave the area
b. Leave the area, call for help, secure the area
Regularly scheduled testing for tuberculosis is necessary for all personnel who work with what species?
a. Rodents
b. Amphibians
c. Sheep and goats
d. Nonhuman primates
d. Nonhuman primates
