Chapter 8 Flashcards
If changes in identity occur throughout the life cycle, why have researchers who are interested in identity development paid so much attention to adolescence?
- the changes in identity that take place during adolescence involve the first substantial reorganization and restructuring of the individual’s sense of self at a time when he or she has the intellectual capability to appreciate fully just how significant the changes are
- fundamental biological, cognitive, and social changes characteristic of the period.
Brain-imaging studies find that patterns of brain activity during tasks in which individuals are asked to think about themselves differ significantly between adolescents and adults how
there is evidence that adolescents exert more conscious, deliberate effort when asked to think about themselves than adults do, who seem to do this more effortlessly
adolescence is a time of important decisions about school, work, relationships, and the future. Facing these decisions about their place in society does more than provoke adolescents to ask questions about who they are and where they are headed—it … asking them.
necessitates
Identity development is better understood as one single development
f Identity development is better understood as a series of interrelated developments—rather than one single development
Neuroimaging studies show that adolescents’ self-conceptions may be particularly sensitive to the …
opinions of others
Self-conceptions continue to become more psychological well into the high school years, although this may be more characteristic of adolescents growing up in cultures like the United States, why
where teenagers tend to focus on their feelings and social life
The proportion of adolescents who give opposite traits in self-descriptions, who feel conflicts over such discrepancies, and who feel confused over such discrepancies increases markedly between … grades and then declines somewhat
seventh and ninth
delinquent adolescents might dread becoming criminals, for instance, they may not have a positive ideal self why is this a problem
don’t balance the fear with optimism
who inmost likely to least likely to get adol false self behaviour parents friends dates
dates and classmates = most
parents
friends
some adolescents engage in false-self behavior because they have low self-esteem but not the other way around
f , and whereas others experience a drop in self-esteem because they knowingly put on a false front.
..3 are more likely to engage in false-self behavior
adolescents who report less emotional support from parents and peers, who have low self-esteem, and who are relatively less satisfied with life
As self-conceptions become more …2, they become more interested in understanding their own personalities and motivations
abstract, and as young people become more able to see themselves in psychological terms
delinquent adolescents are more likely than their peers to score high in … and low in … (5 factor)
extraversion and low in agreeableness and conscientiousness
adolescents who are high achievers in school score high in …2
conscientiousness and openness
There is a temporary drop in … during early adolescence, “which appears to be the lifetime peak of meanness, laziness, and closed-mindedness”
maturity
during adol to young adulthood as they mature, they become more …4
conscientious, more agreeable, more resilient, and more emotionally stable
by the end of adolescence, there are few gender differences in maturity
t but females mature faster
The rate of change in personality begins to slow during the …
early 20s
adolescence is a time of “rebirth,”
f research does not show that adolescence is a time of tumultuous upheaval in personality.
he “storm and stress” of adolescence creates problems in self-esteem
f there isn’t a dramatic drop in self-esteem at`
this age, adolescents’ feelings about themselves fluctuate from day to day, particularly during the early adolescent years
excessively high self-esteem characteristic of today’s teenagers
f
Asking whether self-esteem changes during adolescence (whether people’s view of themselves becomes more positive or negative) is not the same as asking whether self-esteem is stable during this period why
stability is whether individuals with high self-esteem as children are likely to have high self-esteem as adolescents
children are usually in a more positive mood than young adolescents, who are generally in a better mood than older adolescents
t but levels off at age 16
Teenagers who experience frequent fluctuations in mood also report higher levels of ..2.
anxiety and depression