Chapter 6 Schools Flashcards
even in the poorest parts of the world—sub-Saharan Africa, for example—close to … of 10- to 14-year-olds and 40–50% of 15- to 19-year-olds are enrolled in school
two-thirds
Middle schools, junior high schools, and high schools.
secondary school
between 11 and 18 the typical American student will spend about.. hours in school—not even counting time on homework and school-related activities outside of school
7,000
.how are schools different from family and peers
directly influenced by needs and demands of society
The proportion of the 14- to 17-year-old population enrolled in school increased dramatically between …. continued to increase until …, and then leveled off.
1910 and 1940,
1970
By …, the idea of universal compulsory education for adolescents had gained widespread acceptance.
1915
One reason that schools today are asked to do so much more than educate adolescents is ,…
that new demands are placed on schools every time a different social problem involving adolescents receives widespread attention.
The proportion of American adolescents enrolled in high school grew dramatically between …
1920 and 1940.
T: has been the most important change in the world of American education in the past 20 years
holding teachers, schools, school districts, and states accountable for the achievement of their students
T: Thinking that involves analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information, rather than simply memorizing it.
critical thinking
T: A proposed set of standards in language arts and mathematics that all American schools would be expected to use.
common core
T: Policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of standards measured by achievement tests.
standards based reform
when did other school options gain popularity
1990s
The bottom line is that what takes place within a school is probably more important than …
the nature of its funding and oversight.
T: Government-subsidized vouchers that can be used for private school tuition.
vouchers
T: Public schools that have been given the autonomy to establish their own curricula and teaching practices.
chapter schools
the achievement gap what is it
between White and non-White youngsters, which had been closing for
163
some time, grew wider during the 1990s, especially in large urban school districts
Just …% of the high schools in the United States produce half of the country’s dropouts, and … of Black and Latino students attend one of these “dropout factories”
10
one-third
who preforms best on math and reading Tess latino white black Asian
asian, white latino black
In the nation’s large inner-city public schools, only … of students are judged proficient in science
one-sixth
surveys of American high school students indicate that so many are afraid of being victimized that nearly … of high school students across the country regularly carry a gun, knife, or club, with even higher percentages doing so in some inner-city neighborhoods
one-fifth
Students’ attachment to school is weaker in larger schools, particularly when the number of students in a grade exceeds …
400
school size affects academic outcomes, students’ emotional attachment to the institution and mental health
While school size may affect academic outcomes, it does not necessarily affect students’ emotional attachment to the institution (Anderman, 2002) or their mental health
Contrary to widespread opinion, there is no evidence that rates of student victimization are higher in larger schools
t although victimization is less likely in schools where the student-teacher ratio is lower, perhaps because it is easier for schools to establish and enforce norms about how to behave