Chapter 12 Flashcards
Although …% of adolescents in the United States today go on to college immediately after high school, nearly …% drop out of high school before graduating
70
10
it takes more than talent to succeed—it also takes desire and determination—what some experts have called “…”
grit
As far as success in school or work is concerned, a certain amount of intelligence is necessary
t but it’s more important to be determined than to be brilliant.
Perseverance is especially important when schoolwork is …
uninteresting
receiving a single marshmallow immediately or waiting 15 minutes to get two of them. This test measured what psychologists call…
delay of gratification
marshmallow as preschooler says how successful you’ll be later in life
t
who are under strong pressure to do well in school find that it isn’t so much parents’ pressure to do well that creates
mental health problems, but rather, parents’ criticism when …
expectations are not achieved
It’s valuable for students to have perfectionistic tendencies
t when comes from inside
choices of what classes to take in school are influenced by students’ …
beliefs about their abilities.
the achievement gap between males and females in math and science is very small but still worry about girls in school
f boys
On average, boys do not do as well in school, are less invested in doing well, are disciplined more often by their teachers, and are more likely to perceive their schools and teachers as unfair
females now far outnumbering males on American college campuses, ethnic dif in this
are especially great among Black adolescents
are especially great among Black adolescents why
Black parents are more likely to practice authoritative parenting with daughters than with sons
Having a growth mindset about …seems to have particular benefits for young women
math
You’ve probably experienced this when you enrolled in a course in which the instructor stressed …. This sort of emphasis brings out the worst in students—literally
grades rather than mastery of the material
grades rather than mastery of the material why bad
extrinsic motivation
more insecure about their abilities, more hesitant to challenge themselves, and less likely to ask for help
trying to compete with and outperform their classmates hinders performance
f improves
motivated mainly by trying to avoid looking stupid (which diminishes their performance)
the home environment are better predictors of adolescents’ academic achievement than are features of the school environment
t
parental expectations play an especially important role is …, where traditional views of gender roles may lead adolescent boys and girls to develop very different sorts of self-conceptions
mathematics
Parental involvement seems to be an especially strong influence on the achievement of … youth, perhaps because of the importance of the family in Mexican cultur
Mexican American
Parental involvement in schooling has a more substantial effect when the adolescent attends a school in which a large proportion of other students’ parents are involved as well (and in low income communities
f higher-
although parents’ involvement both affects and is affected by adolescents’ …
achievement
how does poverty undermine achieve?
It is extremely difficult for a parent under severe economic stress to provide a supportive home environment.
stress of living in poverty also interferes with the development of grit bcs lack of persistence
in schools with fewer high achievers, coming from an unstable family environment matters more
f much less
in schools with fewer high achievers, coming from an unstable family environment matters more
f much less