Chapter 10: intimacy Flashcards
how do adol relationships differ from children’s
closer, more emotionally changed more involved
Refers to development of relationships: distinguish between Intimacy vs. …
Intimacy vs. sexuality
T: relationships characteristised by self disclosure trust and concerned
intimacy
can be intimate but not sexual
intimacy becomes concern in adol
f Intimacy is a concern across the lifespan
why intimacy growth large consideration in adol 2
Importance of intimacy linked to changes in
adolescent social world
2. Growth of intimacy linked to biological, cognitive and social changes= growth in intimacy
e.g. of biological change in intimacy
puberty= sexual impulses
romantic relationships
e.g. of cognitive change in intimacy
sophisticated conception of social relationships= cog changes allow maintenance of intimate relationships (e.g. self disclosure, perception of loneliness)
e.g. of social roles change in intimacy
behavioural independence= alone with friends= close discussions
parents turn to adol for support with perception of them being adults
fundamental theory for interpersonal relationships
Sullivan’s Theory of Interpersonal development
Sullivan’s Theory of Interpersonal development Emphasized the social aspects of …
growth.
sullivan: why Feelings of security versus anxiety?
developmental needs met or not
Sullivan outlines … of interpersonal needs
Stages
Developmental progression of needs
Sullivans theory is cumulative what does this mean
when transition raises security in past aids future transitions and identity development
when does the need for intimacy emerge
infancy
sullivan Need for intimacy and consensual validation in same-sex chumships occurs when
Preadolescence (8-10 to 12-14 years)
the quality of sam sex. friendships is predictive of …
later romantic relationships
sullivan what happens during early adol (12-14 to 17-18 years)
Need for sexual contact, need for intimacy with other-sex partner
sullivan interpersonal needs during late adol
need for integration into adult socieity
overarching purpose of sullivan stages
development to sexual relationships without anxiety
T: a strong and enduring emotional bond.
attachment
how does attachment theory view intimacy
reflective of early attachment with caregiver
Quality of parent relationships important predictor
4 types of attachment styles
Secure
◦ Anxious-avoidant
◦ Anxious-resistant
◦ Disorganized
attachment: ability to respond appropriately to cues:T
parental sensitivity (how do they respond to kids distress?)
which attachment style most at risk for psychopathy
disorganized
attachment in adol: T:
Initial attachment relationships forms the basis for more general model of interpersonal relationships
internal working model (use throughout life
Individuals high in …. are likely to experience depressive and anxious symptomatology.
rejection sensitivity
the effects of attachment are cumulative
t
how has rejection sensitivity been measured
Using a computer game called “Cyberball,”researchers scan adolescents’ brains in order to better understand their responses to social exclusion.
believe they are playing with other characters then stop sharing ball with them
cyberball rejection sensitivity response?
higher brain activity in response to rejection and more depression
Interpersonal development is cumulative.
t
how is the parent adol relationship assessed ?
Adult Attachment Interview (gauge relationship with parent in past)
Adult Attachment Interview method?
A structured interview used to assess an individual’s past attachment history and “internal working model” of relationships.
based on their memories categorized
3 attachment in adol
Secure, dismissing or preoccupied
secure have better adjustment outcomes, what were their mothers like?
Mothers less unhealthy anger
Fewer emotional and behavioural problems. Better adjustment overall
how stable is attachment style?
stable from adol to adulthood but can change when leaving dysfunctional or stressful family
The quality of infant attachment is linked to adult romantic relationships through effects on ….
social development in childhood and adolescence.= peer competence= security= adult romantic relationship
early attachment security protects from mental health
t advantage but not always but interact with other experiences with peers and other relationships
Individuals who have secure attachments during adolescence are more ….3 and better adjusted than their insecure peers.
socially
competent, more successful in school, less likely to engage in substance use,
Attachment styles can change if adolescents depending on context how might aggressive enviro influence
e.g. perpetrating or victim of bullying
bring about negative attachment styles
difference in quality of relationship with friends from childhood to adol
young kids define friendships by companionship, common activities
adol define based on self disclosure, shared attitudes and values, loyalty, shared interests (due to cognitive changes in abstraction)
when does intimacy become apart of friendships
adol
problems of inclusion of intimacy into friendships?
more problems in trust and loyalty
conflicts in younger adol vs older
Older adolescents typically have conflicts over private matters.
Younger adolescents typically have conflicts over public disrespects.
how is intimacy an asset for girls
closeness
how does intimacy harm girls
Girls show a pronounced increase in jealousy over their friends’ friends during early adolescence.
Over the course of adolescence, adolescents’ reports of friendship quality decrease steadily.
f increase
why enhancements in friendships in adol
cognition= empathy= More sensitive to feelings and needs of friends, less controlling and more tolerant of friend’s individuality.
how do friends resolve conflicts in adol
Friends resolve conflicts more frequently by negotiation or disengagement, not coercion.
sex differences in intimacy? whose more intimate
girls more (more interest in friends, concern and anxiety about rejection, more weight on being close to romantic partners)
girls are more sensitive than boys
t and empathic
disadvantages of girls levels of intimacy
girls mental health more positively affected than boys when going well with friends but more suffering when going poorly
T: talking about each others problems
coruminaton
problem with coruminaton in girls
increases depression and anxiety in girls only closeness in boys (and girls)
when boys are with their friends, they are just as likely to share each other’s emotional state.
t but Girls disclose more to their friends.
Intimacy is not absent from boys but is different how
more of a conscious concern for girls than boys. more about shared activities than emotional needs
why sex differences in intimacy
Sex differences may be attributed to socialization?
Sullivan hypothesized that intimacy: how does he see expanding relationships in adol
new types added to social world without replacing old ones
whose added in adol 2
with peers added with intimacy with parents.
◦ with other-sex peers added with intimacy with same-sex friends.
we see features of adol features with their parents and their parents marriages only operate in their family relationships
f serve in peer and romantic relationships
research shows that new targets of intimacy are added to old ones which is more intimate
both types of intimacy are important.
Intimacy with parents and intimacy with peers/romantic partners serve the same function
f very different purposes
intimacy with parents vs friends serve what purpose
learn from someone older and wiser
share experiences with those who share similar perspective
Adolescents turn to different people depending on ..
the situation.
support from family compensates for lack of support from peers and vice versa
f because dif purposes
when do Friendships with the Other Sex become important
middle adol
◦ Cross-sex friendships are relatively rare
before adolescents begin to ..
date.
same age for other sex friends
boys older