chapter 8 Flashcards
sigmoidoscopy
The endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon.
nasogastric intubation
The placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach.
leukoplakia
An abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek.
herpes labialis
Blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1
dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing.
dyspepsia
Pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion.
diverticulitis
Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
volvulus
twisting of intestine on itself, causing an obstruction
peristalsis
series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
ulcerative colitis
chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
trismus
describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft palate
gastroduodenostomy
The establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum.
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
hemoccult test
laboratory test for hidden blood in stool -fecal occult blood test
gastrostomy tube
surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach
eructation
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
dental prophylaxis
professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus
choledocholithotomy
surgical incision into the common bile duct for removal of a gallstone
aphthous
Gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth -mouth ulcers/canker sores
antiemetic
medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
anastomosis
surgical connection between 2 hollow, or tubular, structures
colostomy
surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
salmonellosis
transmitted by feces or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked eggs or unpasteurized milk and cheese products -salmonella
melena
presence of black, tarry, foul smelling stools
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and eyes
inguinal hernia
protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
ileus
partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine -paralytic ileus
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum
enema
placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
regurgitation
the return of swallowed food into the mouth
polyp
mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
peptic ulcers
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
morbid obesity
condition of weighing two times or more than the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40 -severe obesity
Crohn’s disease
chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract
hiatal hernia
anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
colonoscopy
visual examination of the colon
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
diverticulosis
chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
xerostomia
lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile duct
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
proctologist
physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
celiac disease
hereditary autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten
cachexia
condition of physically wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass
gastroesophageal reflux disease
upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus -GERD
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
cheilosis
disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth -cheilitis
borborygmus
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
bariatrics
branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
aerophagia
excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking
