Chapter 3 Flashcards
acetabulum
The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket
allogenic
Originating within another
ankylosing spondylitis
A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
arthrodesis
The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint
arthrolysis
The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
arthroscopy
The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
autologous
Originating within the individual
avascular necrosis
An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
chondromalacia
The abnormal softening of cartilage
comminuted fracture
A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
compression fracture
Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself
costochondritis
an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.
craniostenosis
A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures.
crepitation
The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.
dual x-ray absorptiometry
A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density.
gout
A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints.
hallux valgus
An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion
hemarthrosis
Blood within a joint
hemopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells
internal fixation
A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.
kyphosis
An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager’s hump.
laminectomy
The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra.
lordosis
An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback.
lumbago
Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; also known as low back pain.
malleolus
The rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.
manubrium
The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.
metacarpals
The five bones that form the palms of the hand.
metatarsals
The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.
myeloma
A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow
open fracture
A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture
orthopedic surgeon
A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist.
orthotic
A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
osteitis
Inflammation of a bone.
osteoarthritis
The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis.
osteochondroma
A benign bony projection covered with cartilage
osteoclasis
The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
osteomalacia
Abnormal softening of bones in adults.
osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
osteopenia
Thinner-than-average bone density.
osteoporosis
A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging
osteoporotic hip fracture
A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall.
osteorrhaphy
Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.
Paget’s disease
A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation
pathologic fracture
When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer
percutaneous vertebroplasty
A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine
periostitis
An inflammation of the periosteum
podiatrist
A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
polymyaglia rheumatica
An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs
prosthesis
A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated
rheumatoid arthritis
A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
rickets
A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D
scoliosis
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
spina bifida
A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.
spiral fracture
A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
spondylolisthesis
The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
spondylosis
A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; also known as spinal osteoarthritis
subluxation
The partial displacement of a bone from its joint
synovectomy
The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
vertebrae
The bony structural units of the spinal column
