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Med term > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

acetabulum

A

The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket

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2
Q

allogenic

A

Originating within another

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3
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

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4
Q

arthrodesis

A

The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

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5
Q

arthrolysis

A

The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

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6
Q

arthroscopy

A

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

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7
Q

autologous

A

Originating within the individual

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8
Q

avascular necrosis

A

An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

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9
Q

chondromalacia

A

The abnormal softening of cartilage

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10
Q

comminuted fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

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11
Q

compression fracture

A

Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

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12
Q

costochondritis

A

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.

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13
Q

craniostenosis

A

A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures.

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14
Q

crepitation

A

The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

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15
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density.

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16
Q

gout

A

A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints.

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17
Q

hallux valgus

A

An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion

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18
Q

hemarthrosis

A

Blood within a joint

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19
Q

hemopoietic

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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20
Q

internal fixation

A

A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.

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21
Q

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

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22
Q

kyphosis

A

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager’s hump.

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23
Q

laminectomy

A

The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra.

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24
Q

lordosis

A

An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback.

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25
Q

lumbago

A

Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; also known as low back pain.

26
Q

malleolus

A

The rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.

27
Q

manubrium

A

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.

28
Q

metacarpals

A

The five bones that form the palms of the hand.

29
Q

metatarsals

A

The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.

30
Q

myeloma

A

A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

31
Q

open fracture

A

A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture

32
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist.

33
Q

orthotic

A

A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

34
Q

osteitis

A

Inflammation of a bone.

35
Q

osteoarthritis

A

The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis.

36
Q

osteochondroma

A

A benign bony projection covered with cartilage

37
Q

osteoclasis

A

The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

38
Q

osteomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of bones in adults.

39
Q

osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

40
Q

osteopenia

A

Thinner-than-average bone density.

41
Q

osteoporosis

A

A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging

42
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall.

43
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.

44
Q

Paget’s disease

A

A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

45
Q

pathologic fracture

A

When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer

46
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine

47
Q

periostitis

A

An inflammation of the periosteum

48
Q

podiatrist

A

A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

49
Q

polymyaglia rheumatica

A

An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

50
Q

prosthesis

A

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

51
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

52
Q

rickets

A

A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D

53
Q

scoliosis

A

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

54
Q

spina bifida

A

A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.

55
Q

spiral fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.

56
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

57
Q

spondylosis

A

A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; also known as spinal osteoarthritis

58
Q

subluxation

A

The partial displacement of a bone from its joint

59
Q

synovectomy

A

The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

60
Q

vertebrae

A

The bony structural units of the spinal column

Med term (19 decks)

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