Chapter 2 Flashcards
adenocarcinoma
A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.
hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
chromosome
A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell.
adenectomy
The surgical removal of a gland.
medial
The direction toward or nearer the midline.
midsaggital plane
The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.
infectious disease
Illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses.
epidemic
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.
inguinal
Relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.
distal
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.
dorsal
Back of the body or organ.
hypertrophy
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.
ventral
Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.
dyplasia
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs.
endemic
Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area.
transverse plane
The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.
bloodborne transmission
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.
cytoplasm
The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
anatomy
The study of the structures of the body.
endocrine glands
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
pelvic cavity
The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
hypogastric region
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.
genetic disorder
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
exocrine glands
Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body.
hypoplasia
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
pandemic
A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.
phenlketonuria
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.
congenital disorder
An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
functional disorder
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.
anomaly
A deviation from what is regarded as normal.
nosocomial infection
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.
anaplasia
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
histology
The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland.
proximal
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
epigastric
The region located above the stomach
etiology
The study of the causes of diseases.
posterior
Situated in back or on the back part of an organ.
hemophilia
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
aplasia
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
iatrogentic illness
Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.
abdominal cavity
The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion.
adenoma
A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.
stem cells
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.
retroperitoneal
Located behind the peritoneum.
vector-borne transmission
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease.
cephalic
Toward the head.
caudal
Toward the lower part of the body.
thoracic cavity
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity.
physiology
The study of the functions of the body structures.
idiopathic disorder
An illness without known cause.
peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
homeostasis
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
peritoneum
The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland.
umbilicus
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.
communicable disease
Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.
mesentary
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
anterior
Situated in front.
geriatrician
A physician who specializes in the care of older people
A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.
adenocarcinoma
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
hyperplasia
A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell.
chromosome
The surgical removal of a gland.
adenectomy
