chapter 4 Flashcards
dorsiflexion
Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.
The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.
ataxia
tenorrhaphy
The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
paralysis
A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.
adhesion
A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.
myofascial release
A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sphincter
sarcopenia
The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.
The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it
hernia
myoparesis
Weakness or slight muscular paralysis
Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve
carpal tunnel syndrome
The act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.
pronation
hyperkinesia
Abnormally increased motor function or activity
Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
hemiparesis
oblique
Slanted or at an angle
myocele
The herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
Paralysis of all four extremities.
quadriplegia
tenosynovitis
An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
A surgical incision into a tendon
tenotomy
A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.
dystonia
An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
tenosynovitis
An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.
sprain
carpal tunnel syndrome
Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve
A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.
myasthenia gravis
shin splint
A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia
impingement syndrome
Inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.
Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
neuromuscular
myofascial release
A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.
The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.
sarcopenia
intermittent claudication
Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.
origin
The point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton
hypotonia
A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
electromyography
A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
polymyositis
A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four extremities.
Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.
dorsiflexion
chronic fatigue syndrome
A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity
In a crosswise direction.
transverse
myolysis
The degeneration of muscle tissue
Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
epicondylitis
A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
electromyography
atonic
Lacking normal muscle tone or strength
myoclonus
The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
tenodesis
The suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
The degeneration of muscle tissue
myolysis
plantar fasciitis
Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
hemiparesis
Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
neuromuscular
Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle
The point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton
origin
The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues
contracture
A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone
heel spur
torticollis
A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
paralysis
The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
hemiplagia
Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.
tenotomy
A surgical incision into a tendon
dyskinesia
Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions
insertion
The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.
contracture
The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues
The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
myoclonus
ataxia
The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.
Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.
intermittent claudication
sphincter
A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
ergonomics
The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
pronation
The act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.
bradykinesia
Extreme slowness in movement
fasciitis
Inflammation of a fascia.
The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
ergonomics
The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.
insertion
heel spur
A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone
circumduction
The circular movement at the far end of a limb.
Inflammation of a fascia.
fasciitis
sprain
An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.
abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
muscular dystrophy
A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system
Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
atrophy
exercise physiologist
A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
myasthenia gravis
A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.
paraplegia
Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.
A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms
fibromyalgia
A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity
chronic fatigue syndrome
Weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myoparesis
dystonia
A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.
The suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
tenodesis
Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
singultus
Slanted or at an angle
oblique
fibromyalgia
A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms
Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.
hemiplagia
ganglioncyst
A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
tenorrhaphy
epicondylitis
Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
ganglioncyst
adhesion
A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.
Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
adduction
Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.
paraplegia
adduction
Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
plantar fasciitis
Abnormally increased motor function or activity
hyperkinesia
physiatrist
A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.
transverse
In a crosswise direction.
A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
hypotonia
The release of a tendon from adhesions
tenolysis
A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
torticollis
Inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.
impingement syndrome
Surgical suturing of a muscle
myorrhaphy
tenolysis
The release of a tendon from adhesions
Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions
dyskinesia
A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system
muscular dystrophy
atrophy
Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
Extreme slowness in movement
bradykinesia
The circular movement at the far end of a limb.
circumduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
abduction
hernia
The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it
myorrhaphy
Surgical suturing of a muscle
A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
polymyositis
A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia
shin splint
A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.
physiatrist
singultus
Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
exercise physiologist
Lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atonic
The herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
myocele
