Chapter 8

Question 1

Gender awareness

Answer 1

Discriminate between men and women early

Question 2

Gender identity

Answer 2

Sense of self as male or female begins around 2.5 years of age

Question 3

Biological factors

Answer 3

Hormonal influences on brain development and behavior

Question 4

Gender socialization

Answer 4

Parents and teachers expect different behaviors from boys and girls
-media and peer influence

Question 5

Gender schema

Answer 5

Mental networks of beliefs and expectations about males and females
-learn gender through play

Question 6

Gender constancy

Answer 6

Gender is permanent and immutable by 6 or 7 years of age

• by 3 yrs old age exhibiting gender typical behavior
• kids play with same sex peer groups
• styles of play differ

Question 7

Authoritative parenting

Answer 7

Parenting style characterized by high warmth and high control

• high expectations & enforce rules
• child also feels loved, valued, and accepted

Question 8

Authoritarian parenting

Answer 8

Parenting style characterized by low warmth and high control

• strict
• rarely display affection

Question 9

Permissive parenting

Answer 9

Parenting style characterized by high warmth and low control

• little discipline
• let kid have their way
• few demands for responsibility

Question 10

Disengaged parenting

Answer 10

Parenting style characterized by low warmth and low control

• parents focus on their needs, not the child’s
• little care for the child at all

Question 11

Unoccupied play

Answer 11

Not engaged in play, exploration, or social interaction

Question 12

Solitary play

Answer 12

Playing alone, with no reference to what others are doing

Question 13

Onlooker play

Answer 13

Watching others as they play

Question 14

Parallel play

Answer 14

Playing with a similar toy in a similar way next to another child, but without conversing

Question 15

Associative play

Answer 15

Involves social interactions and playing with others but children are not working toward a common goal

Question 16

Cooperative play

Answer 16

Involves social interactions in which one child’s behavior is coordinated with another child’s behavior, as children work towards common goals.
-working together to make a sand castle

Question 17

Homophily

Answer 17

Tendency of people to associate and bond with others who are similar or “like” themselves

Question 18

Socialization

Answer 18

Developing cultural values and rules for behavior