Chapter 15

Question 1

Baby Boom Generation

Answer 1

Generation born btwn 1946 and 1964, which resulted from an 18-year surge in birth rates that began after WWII

Question 2

Cohort

Answer 2

Group of people born at roughly the same time

Question 3

Cohort Effects

Answer 3

The impact of pivotal historical and sociocultural events on an individual’s development

Question 4

Interindividual Variability

Answer 4

Variability between individuals in the ways that various aspects of development unfold

Question 5

Intraindividual Variability

Answer 5

Variability within a person in the ways that various aspects of development unfold

Question 6

Primary Aging

Answer 6

Age-related changes that result from inevitable, intrinsic, processes of aging

Question 7

Secondary Aging

Answer 7

Age-related changes that result from the accumulated effects of disease, bodily abuse or disuse, or environmental hazards

Question 8

Osteoporosis

Answer 8

Condition in which bones become brittle and susceptible to fracture

Question 9

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 9

Cluster of risk factors that occur together, including excess abdominal fat, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, high levels of bad cholesterol, and low levels of good cholesterol

Question 10

Low Density Lipoproteins

Answer 10

Type of cholesterol that is considered bad because at high levels it increases the buildup of plaque in the arteries, elevating the risk of heart attacks or stroke

Question 11

High Density Lipoproteins

Answer 11

Type of cholesterol that is considered good because at high levels it appears to reduce the risk of heart attack

Question 12

Sarcopenia

Answer 12

Progressive, age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

Question 13

Glaucoma

Answer 13

Fluid builds up in the eye, putting pressure on the blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the optic nerve

Question 14

Presbycusis

Answer 14

Decline in the ability to hear high-pitched sounds

Question 15

Plaque

Answer 15

Deposits that form in the inner lining of the main arteries through the process of atherosclerosis, causing the arteries to become narrow and less elastic

Question 16

Atherosclerosis

Answer 16

Process when fatty deposits, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances build up over time in the inner lining of the main arteries

Question 17

Hypertension

Answer 17

Chronically high blood pressure

Question 18

Prostate Gland

Answer 18

Part of the male reproductive system that produces semen

Question 19

Climacteric

Answer 19

Gradual decline in the female sex hormones

Question 20

Menopause

Answer 20

cessation of menstruation and the end of a woman’s reproductive capacity

Question 21

Hot Flashes

Answer 21

Periodic sensations of heat that can trigger sweating and reddening of the face, neck, and chest among menopausal women

Question 22

Placebo

Answer 22

Inert agent (like a sugar pill) that is administered in clinical trials in order to compare its effects with those of a medicine

Question 23

Andropause

Answer 23

Gradual decline in the male sex hormones (Androgens)

Question 24

Erectile Dysfunction

Answer 24

Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection

Question 25

Acute Illness

Answer 25

Illnesses that have a rapid onset and short duration

-common cold or the flu

Question 26

Chronic Illness

Answer 26

Illnesses that have a slow onset and long duration

-heart disease, arthritis

Question 27

Disability

Answer 27

A physical or mental impairment that significantly limits one’s life activities

Question 28

Cortisol

Answer 28

A stress hormone

Question 29

Stress

Answer 29

Response to perceived threats or demands in the enviroment

Question 30

Stressors

Answer 30

Perceived threats or demands in the environment

Question 31

Allostatic Load

Answer 31

Accumulated wear and tear on bodily systems that results from having to adapt to stressors repeatedly

Question 32

Type A Personality

Answer 32

Stress-prone personality type characterized by impatience, competitiveness, and hostility

Question 33

Type B Personality

Answer 33

Less stress-prone personality type characterized by patience, non-competitiveness, and less tendency toward hostility

Question 34

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 34

Ability to use knowledge and skills acquired through life experience and education

Question 35

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 35

Ability to solve novel problems, recognize patterns, and draw inferences in ways that do not require prior knowledge or experience

Question 36

Flynn Effect

Answer 36

Gains in intelligence observed across successive cohorts in the 20th century

Question 37

Expertise

Answer 37

Organized set of skills and knowledge in a particular area acquired through extensive experience in a particular domain

Question 38

Creativity

Answer 38

Ability to produce work or a solution to a problem that is both novel and appropriate