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Lifespan Development > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Puberty

A

Biological changes of adolescence

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2
Q

Five components of adolescence

A
  1. Rapid acceleration of growth
  2. Development of primary sex characteristics
    - gonads, sex glands (testes or ovaries)
  3. Development of secondary sex characteristics
    - genitals, breasts, facial and pubic hair
  4. Changes in body composition
  5. Changes in circulatory and respiratory system
    - more strength and endurance
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3
Q

Endocrine System

A

System of the body that produces, circulates, and regulates hormones

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4
Q

Hormones

A

Highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands

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5
Q

Glands

A

Organs that stimulate particular parts of the body to respond in specific ways to particular hormones

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6
Q

Set Point

A

Level the body attempts to maintain through self regulating system

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7
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Gland responsible for regulating levels of hormones in the body

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the lower brain stem that controls the functioning of the pituitary gland

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9
Q

Gonads

A

Glands and secrete sex hormones

-testes and ovaries

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10
Q

Androgens

A

Sex hormones found in both sexes, but higher levels are in females

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11
Q

Estrogens

A

Sex hormones found in both sexes, but higher levels are in males

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12
Q

Leptin

A

Protein produced by fat that signals puberty

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13
Q

Adrenarche

A

The maturation of the adrenal glands during preadolescnence

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14
Q

Cortisol

A

Hormone produced when exposed to stress

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15
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

Development of breasts, facial and body hair, and changes in voice

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16
Q

Menarche

A

Time of first menstruation

17
Q

Delayed Phase Preference

A

Later sleep and wake times during puberty

18
Q

Secular Trend

A

Tendency for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier because of improvements in health and nutrition

19
Q

Bulimia

A

Binge eating and self-induced vomiting

20
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Dramatic and severe self-induced weight loss (starving themselves)

21
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Responsible for decision making and planning

22
Q

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

A

Important for deliberate decision making and impulse control

23
Q

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

A

Important for gut-level, intuitive responding

24
Q

Orbitofrontal Cortex

A

Important for evaluating risks and rewards

25
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical substances in brain that carry electrical impulses across synapses

26
Q

Limbic System

A

Area of the brain that plays an important role in emotional experience and processing social information

27
Q

Hippocampus

A

Important for memory and controlling impulsive behavior

28
Q

Improvements of thinking in adolescents

A
  • More able to think about what is possible
  • Able to think in sophisticated ways about abstract concepts
  • Better at thinking about the process of thinking
  • Able to think about things from multiple vantage points at the same time
  • See things as relative rather than absolute
29
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Logical reasoning in which one draws logically necessary conclusions from a general set of premises or givens

  • All soccer players wear shin guards
  • Chris is a soccer player
  • Does Chris wear shin guards?
30
Q

Hypothetical Thinking

A

Thinking that is based on what is possible and not just what is real
-“if-then” thinking

31
Q

Metacognition

A

Process of thinking about thinking itself

32
Q

Imaginary Audience

A

Self-conscious belief that everyone is watching and evaluating you

33
Q

Personal Fable

A

Person’s belief that they are unique and therefore don’t need to follow rules

34
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Motivation based on pleasure one will experience from mastering a task

35
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Motivation based on rewards one will receive for successful performance

36
Q

Need for Achievement

A

How much an individual strives for success

Lifespan Development (17 decks)

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