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Lifespan Development > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Ageism

A

Prejudice and discrimination toward people on the basis of their age

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2
Q

Young-old

A

Older adults ages 65-79

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3
Q

Old-old

A

Older adults ages 80 and older

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4
Q

Life Expectancy

A

Average number of years a person is expected to live

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5
Q

Population Aging

A

Aging of the population in a society such that an increasing proportion of people in the population are elderly

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6
Q

Maximum Lifespan

A

Max number of years people could live if they avoided all accidents and diseases

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7
Q

Centarian

A

A person who lives to be at least 100 years old

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8
Q

Supercentarian

A

A person who lives to be 110 or older

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9
Q

Programmed Theories of Aging

A

Theory that we have a build-in clock of some kind that causes us to age and eventually die

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10
Q

Evolutionary Theories of Aging

A

Theory that natural selection favors genes that confer fitness and increase survival through the age of reproductive maturity , but not beyond the age of reproductive maturity
-without this advantage, older adults are less able to withstand random damage to genes and other essential cells

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11
Q

Random Damage Theories of Aging

A

Theory that damage accumulates as people grow older
-when the accumulated damage exceeds the body’s capacities for maintenance and self-repair, age-related declines become evident, contributing to disease, disability, and eventually death

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12
Q

Free Radicals

A

Unstable oxygen molecules produced during metabolism that can penetrate or collide with other molecules, causing damage to cells

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13
Q

Caloric Restriction

A

Experiment determining if reducing calorie intake extends longevity

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14
Q

Hayflick Limit

A

Number of times a cell will divide and replicate before it stops due to telomere shortening

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15
Q

Telomeres

A

Protective tips at the ends of our chromosomes

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16
Q

Reserve Capacity

A

Excess physiological capacity that allows organs and bodily systems to continue functioning even though age-related declines have begun to occur

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17
Q

Compensation

A

Using alternative strategies to pursue an important goal when one’s physical capacities or resources decline

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18
Q

Plasticity

A

Idea that development is malleable; the ability of the brain to reorganize its structure and function

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19
Q

Frailty

A

State of increased vulnerability to stressors that results from diminished reserve capacity and impaired functioning of multiple bodily systems

20
Q

Cataracts

A

Cloudy areas that form gradually in the lens of the eye, causing blurry distorted vision, and increasing sensitivity to glare

21
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Condition when the center of the retina (macula) deteriorates, causing loss of vision

22
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Process that causes artery walls to become less elastic, requiring the heart to pump harder and increasing the risk for high blood pressure

23
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

-treat to health if chronic

24
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

An inability to control urination

25
Q

Bodily Control Systems

A

Bodily systems that monitor and regulate the functioning of all organs and systems in the body

26
Q

Reaction Time

A

Length of time needed to respond to a stimulus

27
Q

Immune System

A

Bodily control system that detects, isolates, and destroys foreign substances that might invade the body and cause illness

28
Q

Autoimmune Disease

A

Diseases that develop when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells, damaging and destroying healthy tissues

29
Q

Inflammation

A

How the immune system tries to destroy foreign objects by rushing blood and immune cells to affected tissues

30
Q

Activities of Daily Living

A

Basic self care activities such as eating, bathing, going to the bathroom, getting dressed, getting out of a chair

31
Q

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

A

Activities that allow people to live independently such as shopping, cooking meals, managing finances

32
Q

Compression of Morbidity

A

Shortening of the duration of morbidity (illness and disability) that results from postponing the onset of chronic illness to a time in life that approaches the average age of death

33
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Memory that lasts about 1-2 seconds, after that the memory fades unless it is intended to pass to working memory

34
Q

Recall

A

Retrieving info without cues

35
Q

Working Memory

A

Short-term memory system that holds info for long enough (15-20 sec) for it to be used

36
Q

Long-term Memory

A

Memory with vast capacity that can store info for a very long time

37
Q

Recognition

A

Process of identifying previously learned info

38
Q

Episodic Memory

A

Memory for new info (words/numbers) or details from one’s life (where they parked the car or details from a recent vacation)

39
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Memory for facts and general knowledge that one has learned (vocab, historical facts, cultural customs)

40
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Memory for skills and procedures someone has learned (how to ride a bike)

41
Q

Dementia

A

Chronic brain disorder characterized by irreversible cognitive decline severe enough to impair self-care and daily activities

42
Q

Delirium

A

Acute brain disorder characterized by cognitive impairment that can be reversed if treated

43
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Most common form of dementia in later life, characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits that get worse over time

44
Q

Apolipoprotein (APOE)

A

A gene present in 50-60% of people with Alzheimer’s disease (20-25% in healthy adults)

45
Q

Amyloid Plaques

A

Abnormal deposits of protein that form in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, causing inflammation and destroying neurons and synapses

46
Q

Vascular Dementia

A

Type of dementia caused by a series of strokes that disrupt blood flow to the brain, depriving the brain of oxygen and causing brain tissue to die

47
Q

Wisdom

A

Form of expert knowledge or judgement about life problems

Lifespan Development (17 decks)

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