Chapter 3 Flashcards
Gestation
Period from conception to birth (280 days)
-within hours of conception, sperm and egg create zygote
Fertilization
Insemination of an ovum by a sperm
Zygote
The new cell created when the sperm and egg fuse
Placenta
Support system that-via the umbilical cord-provides food and oxygen to the developing child and carries waste products away
Implantation
When the zygote embeds in the uterus’s nutrient-rich lining like roots of a growing plant into soil
Infertility
Failure to conceive a child after 12 months of sexual intercourse without birth control
In vitro fertilization IVF
When a woman takes fertility drugs so her body releases more than one egg, her ova are surgically removed at ovulation, and then mixed with her partners sperm in a lab dish and put back into her
Gametes
Sex cells (sperm and ova)
Surrogate mother
Woman who is impregnated with a male’s sperm through artificial insemination or with the couples embryo through IVF
Artificial insemination
Inserting sperm directly into the woman’s uterus with a syringe
Specialized layers of cells
Ectoderm: top cell layer -skin, hair, mouth, nose, nervous system Mesoderm: middle cell layer -muscles, bones, heart, blood cells Endoderm: outer cell layer -tongue, tonsils, urethra, bladder
The embryo
Week 3-8
Specialized layers of cells begin to form
-Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
The fetus
Week 8-birth
Central nervous system becomes active
Further brain development
Directionality
How body proportions change
Cephalocaudal: head to tail
Proximodistal: inward to outward
Brain placticity
The ability for the brain to change and adapt
Experience-expectant processes
Basic experiences needed (exposure to language, touch)
Experience-dependent processes
Creates connections based on environment (2+ languages)
-kids pick up on these experiences
Habituation
Loss of interest suggest the baby recognizes the stimuli
-Ex: video of baby looking at pepper becomes less interested each time they see it
Novelty response
Interest and more time spent looking at a new stimuli
-Ex: infants looking at different types of spices-how long for each spice
Schemes
Set of mental operations that form a structure and underlies infants thoughts
-organized pattern of behavior reflecting the world
Sensorimotor stage
Birth-2 years
Learn reflexes
-schemes
Adaption
A process where knowledge is altered by experience
- assimilation
- accomodation
Assimilation
New info put into the brain
Accomodation
Adapting old info
-Balloon: kids are used to gravity pulling things down, but they float up
