Chapter 8 Flashcards
Accessibility
How easily information can be retrieved from memory.
Associative Interference
When similar pieces of information interfere with each other during retrieval.
Availability
How easily information can be retrieved based on its presence in memory.
Collaborative Facilitation
When group recall improves recognition memory, as people pool their knowledge.
Collaborative Inhibition
When group recall is worse than individual recall due to conflicting retrieval strategies.
Cue Overload
When too many memories are associated with the same cue, making it difficult to retrieve any specific one.
Directed Forgetting
When people are instructed to forget certain information, leading to its inhibition or reduced accessibility.
Inhibition
The process of actively suppressing memories or information from being retrieved.
Event Boundary
The mental separation between different events or episodes in memory.
Item Method Directed Forgetting
Forgetting method where participants are told to forget each item as it is presented.
Interference
When new or old information disrupts the ability to remember other information.
Jost’s Law
Older memories tend to be less prone to forgetting than newer ones, if they are of equal strength.
Law of Disuse
The theory that memories fade or become weaker over time if not actively used or retrieved.
Misattribution
Assigning a memory to the wrong source or event.
Negative Priming
The slowed or impaired retrieval of information due to prior exposure to a distractor or irrelevant stimulus.
New Theory of Disuse
A theory suggesting that forgetting happens not because memories decay but because they are no longer needed or accessed.
Part-Set Cuing, Persistence
When presenting part of a set of items can actually impair recall for the rest of the items.
Proactive Interference
When old information interferes with the recall of new information.
Release from Proactive Interference
When the interference from old information decreases, often after learning new and unrelated information.
Reproductive
The act of recalling information exactly as it was learned, without distortion.
Retracted
Information that was initially believed to be true but later found to be false or incorrect.
Retrieval-Induced Forgetting
When the act of retrieving certain memories causes forgetting of other related memories.
Retroactive Facilitation
When new information helps with the recall of older memories by reducing interference.
Retrieval Practice Effect
The phenomenon where practicing retrieval of information improves future memory retrieval.
Retrieval Strength
The current ability to retrieve a piece of information, depending on how recently it was accessed.
Retroactive Interference
When new information interferes with the ability to recall older memories.
Selective Directed Forgetting
When people are told to forget certain parts of a memory set, based on specific criteria or focus.
Seven Sins of Memory
A framework that describes seven common ways memory fails: transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence.
Storage Strength
The stability of information over time in memory, regardless of retrieval success.
Suggestibility
The tendency to incorporate misleading or incorrect information into memory due to external sources.
Transience
The gradual loss of memory over time, particularly for less-used or less-rehearsed information.
Unlearning
The process of forgetting or overriding previously learned information, often to accommodate new knowledge.
