Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is autobiographical memory?
Memory of personal experiences and events from one’s own life.
What are collective memories?
Shared memories of events or experiences within a group or society.
What are cultural schemas?
Mental frameworks based on cultural beliefs, values, and norms that guide memory and understanding.
What are diary studies?
Research method where participants keep regular records of their experiences to study memory.
What are event-specific memories?
Memories focused on specific events rather than general themes.
What is the fading affect bias?
The tendency for negative emotions associated with memories to fade more quickly than positive emotions.
What are field memories?
Memories where the individual remembers the event from their own perspective.
What are flashbulb memories?
Vivid, detailed memories of a significant or emotionally charged event.
What is the Galton-Crovitz cue word method?
A technique where participants are given words to prompt the recollection of autobiographical memories.
What are general events?
Larger, more general memories that encompass multiple specific events or experiences.
What is the generative function of memory?
The role of memory in generating new thoughts, ideas, or behavior.
What is involuntary memory?
Spontaneous recollection of past events without conscious effort.
What is a life narrative?
The story a person constructs about their life to make sense of their experiences.
What are life scripts?
Culturally expected sequences of events or experiences that people anticipate in life.
What are lifetime periods?
Broad periods of time in a person’s life, like childhood or adulthood, that organize memory.
What are overgeneral memories?
Memories that are too vague or broad, lacking specific details.
What is the Pollyanna principle?
The tendency to remember pleasant experiences more than unpleasant ones.
What are observer memories?
Memories where the person recalls an event from an outsider’s perspective, rather than their own.
What is the positivity bias?
The tendency to focus on positive memories or experiences.
What is the reflective function of memory?
The role of memory in helping individuals reflect on past experiences to gain insight.
What is the reminiscence bump?
The tendency for people to have more memories from their adolescence and early adulthood.
What is the ruminative function of memory?
The role of memory in revisiting past events, often leading to overthinking or dwelling.
What is the schema-copy-plus-tag model?
A theory suggesting that autobiographical memories are shaped by schemas and specific tags or details.
What is the social function of memory?
The role of memory in social interactions and maintaining relationships.
