Chapter 7 Flashcards
Activity-Based Prospective Memory
Remembering to perform an action when engaged in an ongoing activity.
Animacy Effect
The tendency to remember animate (living) information better than inanimate information.
Bizarre Imagery Effect
Unusual or bizarre images are remembered better than common ones.
Distributed Practice
Studying over multiple sessions leads to better retention than cramming.
Encoding Specificity Principle
Memory retrieval is better when the retrieval context matches the encoding context.
Episodic Future Thinking
Mentally projecting oneself into the future to pre-experience events.
Episodic Memories
Memories of specific personal experiences tied to a time and place.
Event-Based Prospective Memory
Remembering to perform an action when a specific event occurs.
Future-Oriented Mental Time Travel
The ability to mentally simulate future scenarios based on past experiences.
Fuzzy Trace Theories
Memory stores both gist (general meaning) and verbatim (exact details) information.
Location-Based Prospective Memory
Remembering to perform an action when in a specific location.
Massed Practice
Cramming—studying in one long session instead of multiple sessions.
Material Appropriate Processing
Matching study strategies to the type of material being learned improves memory.
Mental Time Travel
The ability to relive past experiences or imagine future events.
Mood-Congruent Memory
Easier recall of memories that match one’s current mood.
Mood-Dependent Memory
Memory is better when encoding and retrieval moods match.
Overlearning
Continuing to study beyond initial mastery strengthens retention.
Permastore
Very long-term memory that remains stable over time.
Repetition Effect
Repeated exposure to information improves memory retention.
Retrieval Practice Effect
Actively recalling information strengthens memory more than passive review.
Retrospective Memory
Remembering past events and experiences.
Schedules of Practice
The timing and spacing of study sessions affect memory retention.
Self-Reference Effect
Information related to oneself is remembered better.
Semantic Memory
Memory for general knowledge and facts.
State-Dependent Memory
Memory retrieval is better when the internal state (e.g., mood, drug state) matches encoding.
Testing Effect
Taking tests enhances learning more than restudying.
Time-Based Prospective Memory
Remembering to perform an action at a specific time.
Transfer Appropriate Processing
Memory improves when the cognitive process at encoding matches retrieval.
Von Restorff Effect
Distinctive items stand out and are remembered better.
