Chapter 6 Flashcards
Associative Stage
Middle phase of skill learning, focusing on refining techniques.
Autonomous Stage
Final phase of skill acquisition where actions become automatic.
Choking Under Pressure
Performance drops due to stress or pressure.
Classical Conditioning
Learning through association of stimuli.
Cognitive Stage
Initial phase of skill acquisition where effort is conscious.
Extinction
Weakening of a learned response when reinforcement stops.
Implicit Memory
Memory influencing actions without conscious awareness.
Instrumental Conditioning
Learning through consequences like rewards and punishments.
Learning Curve
Graph showing progress in learning over time. Rapid improvement at first, then slower as skill develops.
Lexical Decision
Deciding if a string of letters is a word. Quickly identifying “table” as a real word.
Mere Exposure Effect
Preference for familiar things.
Monitoring Pressure
Pressure to focus on details of performance.
Negative Transfer
Previous learning hinders new learning. Ex: Struggling to learn a new keyboard layout.
Nondeclarative Memory
Memory for skills and habits, not facts.
Outcome Pressure
Stress caused by focusing on results.
Pavlovian Conditioning
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell.
Priming
Exposure to one stimulus influences response to another.
Example: Faster recognition of “bread” after seeing “butter.”
Repetition Priming
Improved performance on repeated tasks.
Example: Identifying a word faster the second time it’s presented.
Savings
Faster relearning of previously forgotten material.
Example: Relearning a language after a long break.
Spontaneous Recovery
Reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction.
Example: A dog salivating to a bell weeks after it stopped signaling food.
Stages of Skill Acquisition
Cognitive, associative, and autonomous phases of learning.
Stimulus-Response Association
Link between a stimulus and a specific response.
Example: A dog sitting when hearing “sit.”
Stimulus-Stimulus Association
Link between two stimuli.
Example: Associating a bell with food.
Triarchic Theory of Skill Learning
Stages of skill learning: cognitive, associative, autonomous.
Word Fragment Completion
Completing words with missing letters.
Example: Completing “c_t” as “cat.”
Word-Stem Completion
Completing a word from its first letters.
Example: Completing “sta___” as “stamina.”
