Chapter 8

Question 0

Learning how certain events occur together

Answer 0

Associative learning

Question 1

Permanent change in an organisms behavior

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

Learning procedure in which associations are made between natural stimulus and a learned NS

Answer 2

Classical conditioning.

Question 3

Behaviorism

Answer 3

Psychology should be an objective science based on observable behavior.

Question 4

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 4

Classical condition mouth watering

Question 5

What triggers the natural response

Answer 5

US unconditional stimulus

Question 6

The response to the thing triggered

Answer 6

UR unconditioned response

Question 7

Thing that we are used to triggered response

Answer 7

CS conditional stimulus

Question 8

Automatic response to trained thing

Answer 8

CR conditioned response

Question 9

Acquisition

Answer 9

Initial stage of learning US & NS come to elicit CR

Question 10

Gradual disappearance of conditional response

Answer 10

Extinction

Question 11

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 11

Four years later when you remember the thing because you heard Pavlov again after extinction

Question 12

Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli

Answer 12

Generalization

Question 13

Responding differently between two stimuli (golden retriever and poodles)

Answer 13

Discrimination

Question 14

Operant conditioning

Answer 14

Learning in which behavior is strengthened by reinforcer or punisher

Question 15

Respondent behavior

Answer 15

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus (skinners term)

Question 16

Operant behavior

Answer 16

Behavior that operates on the environment and produces consequences

Question 17

Law of effect

Answer 17

Throndikes principle where behavior followed by behavioral consequences become more likely and unfavorable are less likely

Question 18

Operant chamber

Answer 18

Skinners box- rat leading to cheese bar and key

Question 19

Shaping

Answer 19

Reinforcers guide animal to desired behavior

Question 20

Positive reinforcement

Answer 20

Strengthens response by presenting pleasurable reward

Question 21

Negative reinforcement

Answer 21

Taking away something negative.

Question 22

Decreases the likely hood of a behavior continuing

Answer 22

Punishment.

Question 23

Negative punishment

Answer 23

Take away something positive

Question 24

Positive punishment

Answer 24

Add something negative

Question 25

Primary reinforcers

Answer 25

Satisfies biological need. Innately reinforcing stimulus

Question 26

Conditioned reinforcers

Answer 26

Gains reinforcing powers through association with primary reinforcer

Question 27

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Answer 27

Continuous reinforcement

Question 28

Partial reinforcement

Answer 28

Reinforcing only part of the time

Question 29

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 29

Reinforce response only after a certain number of responses.

Question 30

An unpredictable number of responses

Answer 30

Variable ratio schedule

Question 31

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 31

A response after a specified time has elapsed

Question 32

Variable interval schedules

Answer 32

A response at unpredictable time intervals

Question 33

Latent learning

Answer 33

Occurs but is not apparent until given incentives

Question 34

Cognitive map

Answer 34

Mental layout of ones environment.

Question 35

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 35

Desire to perform a behavior effectively and for its own sake

Question 36

Desire to behave in certain ways to avoid threatened punishment

Answer 36

Extrinsic motivation

Question 37

Observational learning

Answer 37

Learning by Observing and imitating others

Question 38

Modeling

Answer 38

Process by which we observed and learn

Question 39

Mirror neurons

Answer 39

Crying because you see your friend cry. Mirror the emotions or actions you view.

Question 40

Albert bandura

Answer 40

Bobo doll experiments. Beating up a doll in front of children makes them do it too.

Question 41

Pro social behavior

Answer 41

Positive constructive helpful behavior