Chapter 2 Flashcards
Biological psychology
Study the link between biological activity and psychological events understanding sleep hunger sex dreams depression stress
Phrenology
Bumps on the head said to know the abilities
Neuron
Consists of a cell body and it’s branching fibers nerve cell- basic building blocks of nervous systems
Dendrite
Receive info and send toward cell body LISTENER BUSHY EXTENSIONS
Axon
SPEAKER EXTENSIONS pass info or message to others neurons and muscles and glands
Myelin sheath
FATTY TISSUES insulates the axons of some neurons and helps speed up their impulses
Actions potential
Brief electrical charge that travels down the axon
Threshold
Combined signals trigger actin potential
Synapse (synaptic gap)
Gap between axon terminal sending and receiving axon
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers released by actin potential reaches knoblike terminal
Ach acetylcholine
Neurotransmitters that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contractions
Endorphins
Morphine within natural opiates
Nervous system
Electrochemical information network
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Links CNS w/ body’s sense receptors, muscles, and glands
Nerves
Neural cables containing many axons connect cns- pns
Sensory neurons
Neurons that carry incoming into from the sense receptors too CNS
Motor neurons
Carry out going info CNS to muscles and glands
Inter neurons
CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
Somatic nervous system
Enable voluntary control of our skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system
Controls the glands and the muscles of our internal organs
Sympathetic nervous system
Arouses heartbeat and blood pressure
Parasympathetic nervous system
Produces opposite effects lowers blood
Reflex
Automatic response to stimuli
Lesions
Tissue destruction
Neural networks
Interconnected neural cells
Endocrine system
Body slows chemical communication system, a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Hormones
Chemical messengers
Adrenal glands
On top of the kidneys release adrenaline
Pituitary glands
Hormones that influence growth, pea sized structure in brain controlled by hypothalamus
EEG
An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brains surface
PET scan
Measure of Glucose sugar dog bad
MRI
Head is put in a strong magnetic field that aligns the spinning atoms
fMRI
Function of brain
Brain stem
Central core begins where spinal cord enters the skull responsible for automatic survival functions
Medulla
Base of the brain stem controls heartbeat and breathing
Reticular formation
Nerve network that plays an important role in controlling arousal
Thalamus
Brains sensory switchboard
Hippocampus
Stores memories
Cerebellum
The little brain rear of brain stem processing sensory input and coordinating MOVEMENT AND BALANCE
Limbic system
Doughnut shaped neural system
Amygdala
Aggression and fear Amy give me a dala or I’ll be mad.
Hypothalamus
A neural structure that directs several maintenance activities linked to emotion
Cerebral cortex
Intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres INFO PROCESSING CENTER
Glial cells
Cells in the nervous system that support nourish and protect neurons
Frontal lobes
Portion of the cerebral cortex lying behind the forehead
Occipital lobes
Back of head vision
Parietal lobes
Touch and body position
Temporal lobes
Auditory
Motor cortex
Controls movement
Sensory cortex
Registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
Association areas
Not involved in motor or sensory functions, learning remembering thinking and speaking
Aphasia
Impaired language
Broca’s area
Language expression and muscle movement
Wernickes area
Language reception comprehension and expression
Plasticity
Brains capacity of modification
Corpus collosum
Large band of fibers connecting brain hemispheres
Split brain
Condition in which the 2 hemispheres are isolated by cutting the connects fibers between them.
