Chapter 4 Flashcards
Zygote
The fertilized egg. 2 weeks after conception
Developmental psychology
A branch of psychology that studies physical cognitive and social change throughout the life span.
Embryo
The developing human organism 2 weeks after fertilization. 2nd month
Fetus
9 weeks after conception to birth. Unborn
Teratogens
Agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause harm
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Facial disfiguration occurs when alcohol is consumed while pregnant. Cognitive abnormalities
Rooting reflex
And infant when touched on the cheek will turn toward touch to suck and attach to nipple.
Habituation
Decreasing representativeness with repeated stimulation. Not interested in toys for very long.
Maturation
Biological growth process that enable orderly changes in behavior relatively uninfluenced by experiences.
Jean Piaget
Created developmental psych by testing his own kids.
Schema
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets info. ( candy bar to German candy)
Assimilation
Interpreting ones new experiences in terms of ones existing schemas.
Accommodation
Adapting ones current understanding to incorporate new information.
Cognition
All the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating.
Sensorimotor stage
In piagets theory the stage from birth to 2 yrs during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
Object permanence
The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
Preoperational stage
2-6/7 yrs old children learn to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.
Conservation
The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Egocentrism
children do not have other perspective besides their own. Can’t understand why you won’t give all your attention to them.
Theory of mind
People’s ideas about their own mental states.
Autism
Disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others states of mind.
Concrete operational stage
Stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
Formal operational stage
Stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.
Stranger anxiety
Scared of strangers. Young age.
Attachments
An emotional tie with another person
Insecure attachment
Bond between adult and infant. Adult fails to respond to basic need causing infant to be anxious or angry.
Critical period
An optimal period shortly after birth where an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.
Imprinting
Process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
Basic trust
A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, said to be formed during infancy.
Self concept
A sense of ones identity and personal worth.
Adolescence
Transition period between childhood and adulthood puberty- independence.
Puberty
Period of sexual maturation.
Primary sex traits
Things that make reproduction possible. Genitals
Secondary sex traits
Non reproductive sex traits hips chest hair boobs abs
Lawrence kohlberg
Sought to describe the development of moral reasoning
Preconventional morality
Before age 9 first stage of moral reasoning for self interest. They obey to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards
Conventional mortality
Caring for other and upholding laws and social rules.
Postconventional morality
Agreeing upon basic right and principles set by ones self.
Menarche
First menstrual period.
Erik Erikson
Thought each stage of life has its own psychological tasks, a crisis that needs resolution.
Identity
Ones sense of self.
Intimacy
Ability to form relationships
Menopause
The time of natural cessation of menstruation.
Alzheimer’s disease
Progressive and irreversible disease characterized by gradual memory deterioration
Cross sectional study
A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.
Longitudinal study
Research in which the same people are rests died and re tested
Crystallized intelligence
Ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
Fluid intelligence
Ones ability to reason speedily and abstractly
Social clock
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage parenthood.
Mary ainsworth
Assisted jean Piaget in studies of development. Early emotional attachment.
