Chapter 6 Flashcards
Perception
Process- ORGANIZING and INTERPRETING sensory information (recognize meaningful objects)
Sensation
Process- sensory receptors and nervous system RECEIVE AND REPRESENT stimulus energies from our environment.
Bottom up processing
Sensory receptors —> Brains integration
Minimum stimulation needed to to detect particular stimuli 50% of the time?
Absolute threshold
How and when we detect presence of faint stimulus amid background stimulation.
Signal Detection Theory
Difference threshold
Minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. (Noticeable difference)
Webers law
To be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by constant minimum percentage.
Sensory adaptation
Diminished sensitivity as a Consequence of constant stimulation
Transduction
The conversion of one form of energy to another
Psychophysics
The relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli
What is a wavelength?
Distance from peak to peak
The dimension of color that is determined by wavelength of light.
Hue
Basilar membrane
In cochlea holds organ corti
Below ones absolute threshold?
Subliminal
Intensity
The loudness or brightness, determined by amplitude.
Pupil
Adjustable opening on the enter of the eye through which light enters
Iris
The muscular tissue that ford,the colored portion of the eye around pupil and controls size of pupil opening.
Lens
Transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on retina.
Accommodation
Eye lens changes shape to focus near and far objects on the retina.
Acuity
Sharpness of vision
Nearsightedness
Seeing near things clearly.
Farsightedness
Seeing things farther clearer
Rods
Retinal receptors that detect black white and grey.
Cones
Detect fine detail, work well in daylight.
Optic nerve
Carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
Blind spot
Point where optic nerve leaves the eye
Fovea
Central focal point in retina
Feature detectors
Nerve cells in brain that respond to ANGLE SHAPE MOVEMENT.
Processes several aspects of a problem simultaneously.
Parallel processing.
Young helmholtz trichromatic theory
3 different color receptors. Red green blue.
Opposing colors enable color vision.
Opponent process theory
Color constancy
Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color.
Audition
Sense or act of hearing.
Frequency
of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a certain amount of time.
Pitch
Tones highness or lowness found by frequency
Middle ear
3 tiny bones ( HAMMER ANVIL STIRRUP)
Cochlea
Coiled bony fluid filled tube in inner ear (sound waves trigger nerve impulses)
Place theory
Links pitch and place where the cochlea membrane is stimulated.
Frequency theory
Rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of tone.
Caused by damage to the mechanical system that CONDUCTS sound waves to the cochlea
Conduction hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
Caused by damage to the cochlear receptor cells or to the auditory nerve
Cochlear implant.
Device using electrical signals stimulates the auditory nerve.
Gate control theory
Neurological gate in spinal cord that blocks pain when going into shock.
McGurke effect
Interaction between hearing vision and speech perception.
Sensory interaction
One sense influencing others
Sensory compensation
Ex. When deaf you sight is increased
One helps other
Kinesthesis
System for sensing body position and movement of individual body parts.
Blindsight
Destruction in visual cortex causing blindness in a part of vision.
Vestibular sense
Sense of the body movement position and balance.
Inner ear
Contrails cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs
Activation, often unconscious, of certain association predisposing PERCEPTION, MEMORY, RESPONSE
Priming
Prosopagnosia
Damage to the brain making person unable to recognize familiar faces.
