Chapter 10

Question 0

Concepts

Answer 0

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.

Question 1

The mental activities associated w thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

Prototypes

Answer 2

Mental image or best example of category, matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category.

Question 3

Methodical logic rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. (The making friends survey on whiteboard)

Answer 3

Algorithm

Question 4

Heuristic

Answer 4

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. Mental short cuts

Question 5

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

Answer 5

Insight

Question 6

Confirmation bias

Answer 6

Tendency to search for information that confirms once preconceptions.

Question 7

Fixation

Answer 7

The inability to see a problem from anew perspective.

Question 8

Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past.

Answer 8

Metal set

Question 9

Functional fixedness

Answer 9

Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.

Question 10

Representative heuristic

Answer 10

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes.

Question 11

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, if instances come readily to mind we presume such events as common.

Answer 11

Availability heuristic

Question 12

Overconfidence

Answer 12

The tendency to be more confident than correct– to overestimate the accuracy of ones beliefs and judgments

Question 13

The way and issue is posed

Answer 13

Framing

Question 14

Belief bias

Answer 14

Tendency for ones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasonings by making invalid valid.

Question 15

Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

Answer 15

Belief perseverance

Question 16

Language

Answer 16

Our spoken written or signed words and the ways we combine the to communicate meaning

Question 17

Phoneme

Answer 17

In a language the smallest distinctive sound unit

Question 18

Morpheme

Answer 18

In language the smallest unit that carries meaning may be a word or a part of a word

Question 19

Grammar

Answer 19

In a language a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Question 20

Semantics

Answer 20

The set rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language, also the study if meany.

Question 21

Syntax

Answer 21

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences.

Question 22

Babbling stage

Answer 22

When baby’s start to learn language h uttering sounds grunts and sounds sometimes parts of words not reading full potential

Question 23

One word stage

Answer 23

Uttering one word meaning a whole sentence but they can’t put it together.

Question 24

Two word stage

Answer 24

Saying two words instead of one ow. Still not full sentences

Question 25

Telegraphic speech

Answer 25

During the two word stage. During telegrams they were charged by word so kept it short

Question 26

Noam Chomsky

Answer 26

Theory of generative grammar

Question 27

Linguistic determinism

Answer 27

Theory that linguistics and language form humans and their thoughts.