Chapter 10 Flashcards
Concepts
Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
The mental activities associated w thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Cognition
Prototypes
Mental image or best example of category, matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category.
Methodical logic rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. (The making friends survey on whiteboard)
Algorithm
Heuristic
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. Mental short cuts
A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
Insight
Confirmation bias
Tendency to search for information that confirms once preconceptions.
Fixation
The inability to see a problem from anew perspective.
Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past.
Metal set
Functional fixedness
Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.
Representative heuristic
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes.
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, if instances come readily to mind we presume such events as common.
Availability heuristic
Overconfidence
The tendency to be more confident than correct– to overestimate the accuracy of ones beliefs and judgments
The way and issue is posed
Framing
Belief bias
Tendency for ones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasonings by making invalid valid.
Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
Belief perseverance
Language
Our spoken written or signed words and the ways we combine the to communicate meaning
Phoneme
In a language the smallest distinctive sound unit
Morpheme
In language the smallest unit that carries meaning may be a word or a part of a word
Grammar
In a language a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
Semantics
The set rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language, also the study if meany.
Syntax
The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences.
Babbling stage
When baby’s start to learn language h uttering sounds grunts and sounds sometimes parts of words not reading full potential
One word stage
Uttering one word meaning a whole sentence but they can’t put it together.
Two word stage
Saying two words instead of one ow. Still not full sentences
Telegraphic speech
During the two word stage. During telegrams they were charged by word so kept it short
Noam Chomsky
Theory of generative grammar
Linguistic determinism
Theory that linguistics and language form humans and their thoughts.
