Chapter 8 Flashcards
Intimate partner violence
any past current loving relationship that includes the intentional physical harm of another person
Domestic Violence
violence from someone you live with
Intimate terrorism
Need for power and control of which abuse is but one element
Involves server persistent frequent abuse that escalates over time
Most severe physical abuse
Situational couple violence
When conflict gets out of hand and results in violence
Unlikely to be brought to criminal justice
History of IPV
Women were treated as property to husbands or fathers
women had no legal standing
in 1970s from women’s rights movement women acknowledged IPV
Extent
25% of all couples will experience IPV
IPV is underreported so it could be 50%
1/3 of women will experience and 1/4 of all men will experience
Victim characteristics
Age: young
Race: black and 2 or more races
sex: females
same sex IPV
lesbian women: 22%-46% experience IPV
Gay men more likely than lesbian women to experience IPV
threatening to “out a partner”
Stalking
First laws created in 1990
1 in 6 women
1 in 19 men
young adults most common (18-24)
What is stalking?
A course of conduct that is unwanted and harassing and would cause a reasonable person to be fearful.
Victims need to experience fear as a result.
risk factors
Stress ( how couples handle stress)
Cohabitation (couples who live together)
Power and Patriarchy
Social Learning
disability status
neighborhood
risk lifestyle
associating with known criminals
alcohol & drugs
The Cycle of Violence
Lenore Walker (1979)
Tension building change (COV)
Close relationship with charming behavior on abuser’s part
More serious events generate tension, and small stress causes minor violence
The Battering Episode (COV)
Abuser engaging and major physically assaultive behavior
Reconciliation Period (COV)
Abuser is calm and loving and asking for forgiveness
The Power & Control Wheel
using coercion and threats
using intimidation
emotional abuse
isolation
minimizing, denying, & blaming
using children
male privilege
economic abuse
physical and sexual violence
“Misdemeanor rule” for a warrantless arrest
Incident must have taken place within the officer’s presence
probable cause
basis for legal arrest
Minneapolis Experience
examined arrest in IPV cases
3 police responses: cooling off period, counseling, and arrest
showed arrest was affective
Issues: incapitative effect, researchers favor presumptive arrest
Presumptive Arrest
Require arrest but limit this requirement to specific situations in which certain criteria is met
Permissive Arrest
Policies do not mandate or presume that an arrest will be made when warranted, rather they allow police to use their discretion.
dual arrest policies
Evidence that both parties engaged in violence
Prosecutorial and Judicial action
high level of attrition, no-drop policies, restraining or protection order, promote treatment, victim’s advocate
legislative reform
Relax the misdemeanor rule
Provide safe temporary housing
Mandatory police report written in IPV calls
Establish domestic violence shelters
No bond –– mandatory first appearance hearing
Minimum jail sentence if convicted (5 days in FL)
Automatic probation if convicted (1 year in FL and must attend batterer intervention)
recent developments
Coordinated community response teams
Lautenberg amendment
Reg flag laws
