Chapter 14 Flashcards
What is a hate crime
Term not used until 1998
Result from – James Byrd Jr. and Matthew Shepard
a crime motivated by hate, not a crime itself
Hate crime Statute in florida
a hate crime or bias crime is an act committed or attempted by one person or group against another—or that person’s property—that in any way constitutes an expression of hatred toward the victim based on his or her personal
Race color
Gender/ gender
homelessness
ethnicity
age
physical or mental disability
Hate Crime Legislation
CA first created in 1978
define bias motivated crime
WHat causes meaningful collective response?
A trigger event
Sustained media attention creates a moral panic
Potent interest groups enter
Federal Response
Civil rights act of 1964 – banned discriminatory employment practices based on race, color, sex or religion
Civil rights Act of 1968 – banned discrimination in housing crimes
Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990– Ordered the FBI to expand the UCR Program to include hate crime incidents
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crime Prevention Act of 2009 –Extends protections to those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender
Prevalence of Hate Crime
Offender used derogatory language (most common)
offender left hate symbols
police confirmed that a hate crime had taken place
Race-based hate crime
most committed against African Americans
Religion based hate crime
most common – anti semitic
most happen in public areas, second most common is K-12 and on college campuses
Nativism
Nativism refers to the practice of protecting the interests and prerogatives of native citizens over immigrants
What is human trafficking
Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or (2) the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery
Sex trafficking
Occurs when someone is forced, coerced or deceived into prostitution
If under 18, juvenile does not gave to be forced can be recruited
Labor Trafficking
Bonded labor is most common – person is enslaved to work off debt he or she owed
forced labor – forced to work under threat of violence or punishment
Involuntary domestic servitude – forced to work as domestic workers
Extent of trafficking
US publishesTrafficking in Persons report (info about trafficking throughout work)
Trafficking Victims Protections Act – requires foreign governments to report data on trafficking victims
Who is trafficked?
Females (90%)
much higher in Asia and pacific
Russia supplies most girls
Germany is top destination for trafficked girls
US is second most popular
Individual risk factors for trafficking
Poverty
Those who are oppressed/vulnerable
runaways
