Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Victimology?

Answer 1

study of victimization, its consequences, how the criminal justice system accommodates and assists victims, and how other elements of society deal with victims

Question 2

Victimology Term first used by

Answer 2

Mendelsohn in 1947

Question 3

Victimology is a

Answer 3

social science because it uses scientific method

Question 4

History of Victimology

Answer 4

Victim’s responsibility to avenge that wrong

Question 5

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 5

focus was on RESTORATION of equity between victim and offender

Question 6

Middle Ages

Answer 6

retaliation, “eye for an eye”, retribution, restitution

Question 7

Industrial Revolution

Answer 7

Created a middle class, brought people to cities, crime increased as people with different backgrounds moved to same cities.

Question 8

Becceria

Answer 8

Father of school of Crim. Crimes and punishment, against corporal and capital punishment, wanted DETERRENCE

Question 9

Formal CJ System

Answer 9

No focus on victims until the 1970s. focus was criminals

Question 10

Victim precipitation

Answer 10

responsibility for victimization

Question 11

victimization facilitation

Answer 11

victim unintentionally makes it easier for an offender to commit a crime

Question 12

victim provocation

Answer 12

victim incites another person to commit crime.

Question 13

Hans Von Hentig

Answer 13

First to study FACTORS that predict victimization. Typology=personal characteristics. Acquaintance relationship. 13 diff categories of victims provoking victimization.

Question 14

Men are most likely victims

Answer 14

Except in rape and SA

Question 15

Benjamin Mendelsohn

Answer 15

“father of Victimology.” Typology=rooted in behavior. Based on victim’s degree of CULPABILITY

Question 16

completely innocent

Answer 16

No responsibility

Question 17

Victim with minor guilt

Answer 17

victim because of ignorance

Question 18

Victim as guilty as the offender

Answer 18

bears as much responsibility as an offender

Question 19

Victim more guilty than an offender

Answer 19

victim provokes their perpetration of crime

Question 20

Most guilty victim

Answer 20

victim who is victimized during the perpetration of a crime

Question 21

Stimulating or imaginary victim

Answer 21

fabricates a victimization event

Question 22

Stephen Schafer

Answer 22

Wrote the victim and his criminal. Social characteristics and behaviors. People are responsible to not provoke others into victimizing. BLAMED VICTIMS, protect yourself

Question 23

Marvin Wolfgang

Answer 23

Empirically tested victim precipitation in homicides in Philly (1948-52). 26% of homicides were victim precipitated. Most were male, they knew each other, history of violence, and alcohol was involved.

Question 24

Subintentional Homicide (from Wolfgang)

Answer 24

Not precipitated but are putting themselves at risk. Similar to victim facilitation. Poor judgment, risky behavior, drugs, alc

Question 25

Menachem Amir

Answer 25

Student of Wolfgang, wanted to extend research. Studied role of victim precipitation in rapes in Philly (1958-60). Argued 1 in 5 rapes were VP. Thinks victim deserves it or has it coming. Criticized for blaming victims.

Question 26

Victim’s rights movement

Answer 26

1966 president’s commission on law enforcement and admin of justice was formed. National crime victimization survey formed

Question 27

the women’s movement

Answer 27

Focus on women and children. Attention to female victims in rape and IPV. 1970’s DV shelters and rape crisis centers were formed

Question 28

Contribution of Victim’s rights movement

Answer 28

programs for crime victims, development of victim organizations, legislation and policy.

Question 29

Victimology Today

Answer 29

Extent, type, causes, and consequences of victimization