Chapter 8 Flashcards
Who was barbara mcclintok
Barbara McClintok discovered jumping genes in corn and was later awarded for her work
Transposons
AKA jumping genes. genes that move from one spot in the genome to the other. It can either become active or inactive depending on where it moved.
Pili
Hair like structures on the surface of bacteria that help them adhere to surfaces
bacteriophage
A virus that infects bacterial cells only
mutagen
Something that causes mutation
Ames Test
A test that uses bacteria to determine whether a chemical is carcinogenic
conjugation
The transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another using sex pili. Usually transfers plasmids for antibiotic resistance
mutation
An abnormality or alteration in the genome
Synonymous v Missense v Nonsense mutation(s)
synonymous: codes for same amino acid
Missense: Codes for different amino acid
Nonsense: Condes for a stop codon
point mutation
Mutations that are caused by a single misplaced nucleotide
Frameshift mutation
When mRNA is not read in a 3 codon sequence. ACGGCA is instead read CGGCA
Carcinogens
Molecules and chemicals that can cause cancer
Horizontal Gene Transfer
How genetic information is passed/synthesized in bacteria
Bacterial Transformation
When bacteria pick up DNA from their environment and add it to their genome
Transduction
Occurs when a bacteriophage attaches to a bacteria and hijacks the replication process. It can either cause the bacteria to replicate more phages which will eventually kill the cell (specializ ed). Or it can simply infect the bacteria and intergrate its RNA into the cells DNA. And when the cell duplicates it will have the phages information duplicating as well. (generalized)
