Chapter 3 Flashcards
What occurs w/ an overuse of antibiotics?
they decrease in effectiveness as the bacteria gain increased exposure. They develop resistance making them hard to kill
How does the effects of antibiotics change based on who they are given to?
strong immune systems= bacteria are killed
weak immune system= bacterial protein synthesis is inhibited
Trait of Prokaryotic Cells
No nuclei
DNA =Nucleoid
No organelles
Very small
Have a cell wall
May or may not have a capsule
Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic
hypertonic= more salt outside/water leaves
hypotonic= more salt inside/ water enters
isotonic= equal salt inside and out/ equal amount of water in and out
Solute v Solvent v solution
solute= what’s being dissolved
solvent= dissolving medium
solution= mixture of the two
How do antibiotics affect cells w/ a cell wall?
They prevent the synthesis of peptidoglycans
What are Capsules and why are they bad?
Capsules are a gel like structure that can be found around the outside of a bacterial cell. Bacteria w/ capsules are usually pathogenic and dangerous
What is a biofilm?
A polymer encased community of bacteria. Helps them to stick to the surface they are on
Why are flagella important?
Flagella are important for motility and their placement, presence, or lack thereof can help w/ identification
Tumbling v Running
Random Movement v Straight line movement
Helps with identification
Plasmids
not the DNA however contains other important information. Can be passed from cell to cell
Fimbriae v Sex pili
Aka Pili help bacteria stick to surfaces. Sex pili are used only for sexual reproduction
List the steps of Sporulation
cell growth stops and dna is duplicated
cell is divided asymmetrically
larger portion engulfs the smaller portion
a forespore is created
the mother cell breaks down and
Chloroplast
Use to turn sunlight into useable energy
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Important for protein and lipid synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
The packaging/distribution center. Packages newly created proteins and fat and ships them out of the cell in a vesicle
Mitochondria
Site of ATP production
Age of Culture
Important for identification using the gram stain method
Acid Fast Staining
Used to identify organisms that do not readily take up dye
Work on organisms w/ mycolic acid in their cell wall
Differential Staining
Used to distinguish different groups of bacteria by showing differences in cell wall structure
i.e Gram staining
Simple Staining
a simple process to stain the bacteria and will adhere to the negatively charged cellular components
Gram Stain
A type of differential staining that differentiated gram- (pink stained) and gram+(purple stained) bacteria
immunofluorescence
tags a unique protein w/in the cell
Characteristics of Cell wall
in bacteria peptidoglycans will be present
