Chapter 4

Question 1

1 nutrient needed for cellular growth

Answer 1

glucose

Question 2

Colony

Answer 2

A large group of bacteria that are visible to the naked eye

Question 3

Binary Fission

Answer 3

The reproduction Process of Bacteria

Question 4

What is important to know about biofilms and their relationships w/ other bacteria?

Answer 4

Biofilms are colonies of bacteria that have a mucosal coating to them, allowing them to stick to surfaces. Theses biofilms can have more than one type of bacteria cohabitating

Question 5

antiseptic v disinfectant

Answer 5

antiseptic is for living organisms and disinfectant is used on no living things to make them sterile

Question 6

Contaminant

Answer 6

A contaminant is a bacteria that grows in the media, that was not purposefully introduced

Question 7

How do bacteria compete w/ one another for the same space/nutrients?

Answer 7

Bacteria can inhibit the growth of other bacteria, or purposefully inject them w/ a toxin to kill then

Question 8

Quad-streak method

Answer 8

used to make a pure sample, or to isolate a pure colony of bacteria on an agar plate

Question 9

Closed System

Answer 9

A media in which no additional nutrients are added to aid the growth of bacteria

Question 10

5 phases of the growth curve

Answer 10

Lag, Exponential, Stationary, Death, Prolonged decline

Question 11

What phase is most important in antibiotic development

Answer 11

Exponential growth

Question 12

What are the characteristics of colonial growth in bacteria?

Answer 12

The bacteria on the edges and top of the colony are the healthiest and have the most access to nutrients as there is no competition. The inverse is true for the bacteria on the bottom of the colony.

Question 13

temperature specific bacteria

Answer 13

Psychrophiles
Psychrotrophs
Mesophiles-thrive in average temperatures (3
Thermophiles
Hyperthermophiles

Question 14

Major Environmental factors affecting Bacterial Growth

Answer 14

Atmosphere, temperature, pH, H2O

Question 15

Atmosphere specific Bacteria

Answer 15

Obligate Aerobes-need O2 to live
Facultative Aerobes- Can use O2 but will use fermentation in its absence
Obligate anaerobes-Cannot use O2 and will die where it is present
Microaerophiles-requires a small amt of O2 to thrive
Aerotolerant anaerobes- Use fermentation only but can survive in the presence of O2

Question 16

ROS

Answer 16

Reactive O2 Species

Question 17

Ph Specific Bacteria

Answer 17

Neutrophiles-7.4-7.5
Acidophiles- like acidic living conditions pH of <7
Alkaliphiles- Like basic living conditions pH or >8

Question 18

Halophiles v Halotolerant

Answer 18

Halophiles love salt and require high levels to survive
Halotolerant do not need salt to survive but can survive in areas where salt is present

Question 19

heterotroph v autotroph

Answer 19

heterotrophs cannot make their own nutrients and must break down organic substances to do so
autotrophs can create the nutrients they need using only Co2

Question 20

Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 20

The ability to pull nitrogen from the air and break it down into ammonia and return it to the soil for use

Question 21

What are the major components needed to synthesize cellular material?

Answer 21

nitrogen, oxygen, glucose, amino acids

Question 22

Phototrophs v Chemotrophs

Answer 22

Phototrophs synthesize their energy from sunlight
Chemotrophs synthesize their energy from oxidation of certain compounds

Question 23

Fastidious Bacteria

Answer 23

Bacteria that need specific nutrients to grow, and will not grow if certain conditions are not met

Question 24

Growth Factors

Answer 24

Proteins, amino acid, or vitamins that cells need to grow but cannot synthesize themselves

Question 25

Complex v Chemically defined media

Answer 25

Complex media is media that has an array of nutrients in it.
Chemically defined media has very specific type and amount of nutrients dissolved in it

Question 26

MacConkey Agar and Selective Media

Answer 26

Selective media encourages the growth of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others
MacConkey Agar= Differentiates between Lactose fermenting and Non Lactose Fermenting bacteria gram negative bacteria

Question 27

Differential Media

Answer 27

Used to identify bacteria that are closely related but not the same

Question 28

Capnophiles

Answer 28

Bacteria that thrive and replicate in the presence of CO2

Question 29

Enrichment Agar

Answer 29

Agar that has a multitude of different nutrients in it to promote the growth of a diverse amount of bacteria