Chapter 5

Question 1

What is an autoclave and how does it disinfect?

Answer 1

An autoclave is a machine used to disinfect medical equipment. It uses moist heat and high pressure to kill bacteria

Question 2

What is a germicide?

Answer 2

A germicide is something that can destroy bacteria and other microbes

Question 3

Halogen
Aldehydes
Biguanides
Phenol

Answer 3

Oxidizing agents that react w/ proteins and other cellular components
Inactivates proteins and amino acids
Stays on the skin and mucous membranes (good antiseptic)
Denatures proteins and destroys membranes (damaging to skin)

Question 4

Asepsis

Answer 4

the absence of bacteria and other microbes on a living person

Question 5

Sterilization v Disinfection

Answer 5

Sterilization is the complete removal of all pathogens and microbes
Disinfection is the removal of MOST pathogens and microbes

Question 6

What is pasteurization and what are some of its methods?

Answer 6

Pasteurization is the removal of bacteria from food. This extends the shelf life of the food and prevents or slows the growth of bacteria. This is done by boiling the food at high temps for short periods of time.

Question 7

Irradiation

Answer 7

Uses radiation to kill bacteria. Can be harmful to the skin depending on the type used and amt of exposure.
Electromagnetic, UV, Gamma

Question 8

Antibiogram

Answer 8

A profile of bacterial suceptabiluty

Question 9

Nosocomial Infections

Answer 9

Infections acquired within the hospital, usually UTI or C.diff

Question 10

Lyophilization

Answer 10

The process of freeze drying food

Question 11

aqueous v tincture

Answer 11

Dissolved in water v Dissolved in alcohol

Question 12

Decontamination v Sanitization v Preservation

Answer 12

Decontamination= Decreases pathogens to a safe level
Sanitization= Brings microbe level low enough to prevent the spread of disease
Preservation= slows the growth of bacteria to delay spoiling

Question 13

What are some ways to control the spread of bacteria and prevent infection?

Answer 13

Washing hands, Disinfecting surfaces, proper hygiene and aseptic technique in the medical field

Question 14

Who is responsible for implementing hygiene into the medical practice?

Answer 14

Lister

Question 15

What is the most common method used to remove microbes from food you want to preserve?

Answer 15

pasteurization
boiling

Question 16

what are some environmental factors that can interfare w/ a disenfectant?

Answer 16

Skin, Dirt, Grease, temperature, pH all affect effectiveness of disinfectant

Question 17

What are two test that are used to determine if a product is properly sterilized?

Answer 17

Adding a reactive tape to the sterilized package before autoclaving. Will change color when sterilized correctly.
the use of B.subtilis. is used. there are two tubes and one is added to the autoclave package. both are incubated after. if there is fermentation in the tube then there is bacteria and the materials were not properly sterilized

Question 18

Incineration v Moist heat

Question 19

levels of germicidal potency

Answer 19

Sterilants= destroys all microbes
High-level disinfectants= destroys viruses and vegetative cells
intermediate level disinfectants= Destroys vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, and most fungi
low level disinfectants= destroys fungi, vegetative bacteria (not enveloped viruses or mycobacteria)

Question 20

Is alcohol effective at killing the vegitative state of bacterial cells?

Answer 20

Yes. its the #1 serilant

Question 21

How do chemical preservatives work?