Chapter 7

Question 1

Promoter

Answer 1

A codon that tells DNA polymerase where to attach and begin replication

Question 2

Terminator

Answer 2

A codon that tells the Polymerase where to stop

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

A 3 letter sequence that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 4

Amino acids

Answer 4

Building blocks of proteins

Question 5

DNA Polymerase v RNA Polymerase

Answer 5

DNA Poly: Used to replicate DNA
RNA Poly: Used to create mRNA from DNA

Question 6

Nucleotide

Answer 6

The smallest unit of DNA.
DNA: A-T, C-G
RNA: A-U, C-G
Made out of a Sugar, Base pair, and phosphate

Question 7

Genetic Code

Answer 7

All the AA that the body can code for 4^3

Question 8

Transcription v Translation

Answer 8

Transcription: The copying of DNA-mRNA ( a blueprint)
Translation: Interpretation of mRNA —> Amino Acid—> Protein

Question 9

Bidirectional

Answer 9

Replication occurs in 2 directions simultaneously

Question 10

Watson/Crick/Franklin

Answer 10

watson and crick first presented the double helix model for DNA
Franklin was the first to image it w/ Radiation

Question 11

Gregor Mendel and His contribution to DNA studies

Answer 11

Pea plants and discovered genes

Question 12

Genome

Answer 12

The entire genetic make up of an organism

Question 13

Genotype v Phenotype

Answer 13

Genotype is a persons genetic characteristics
Phenotype is physical characteristics

Question 14

What is a reverse transcriptase and where can you find it?

Answer 14

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that can turn RNA into DNA and is found usually in viruses

Question 15

What are the characteristics of DNA?

Answer 15

double helix w/ phosphate sugar backbone
5’-3’ ends
has 4 base pairs (A,C,T,G)
Contains genes

Question 16

What are the characteristics of RNA?

Answer 16

single stranded
t is switched for U
used to code for proteins

Question 17

mRNA v rRNA v tRNA

Answer 17

mRNA: messenger RNA and is created during transcription by RNA polymerase
rRNA: forms part of the ribosome where translation happens
tRNA: AA at one end and an anticodon at the other. Brings the corresponding AA for the codon presented in the ribosome

Question 18

Generation time

Answer 18

The amt of time it takes for bacteria to replicate

Question 19

Continuous v discontinuous replication and their relation to okazaki fragments

Answer 19

Continuous: 5’-3’ direction. No gaps in the daughter strand
Discontinuous: 3’-5’ direction. DNA poly must add base pairs in the opposite direction in small segments called okazaki fragments.

Question 20

Reading Frames

Answer 20

How nucleotide triplets are grouped so that translation can begin. If the reading frame is off, the wrong AA will be added and the protein can be non functional

Question 21

anticodon
EPA sites

Answer 21

Anticodon: The end of the tRNA that attached to the corresponding codon on the mRNA
E: Exit site of the tRNA
P: where the AA is added to the growing peptide chain
A: Where the tRNA enters the ribosome and attaches to the corresponding codon

Question 22

Intron v Exon

Answer 22

Introns= pieces of RNA to be removed from the sequence\
Exons= RNA that is kept and translated into a protein

Question 23

Chorum Sensing

Answer 23

The ability of bacteria to sense the density of their population in a biofilm

Question 24

Conservative v Semiconservative

Answer 24

Conservative: One entirely new strand and one entirely old strand
Semiconservative: Both strands will have 1/2 old and 1/2 new