Chapter 8

Question 1

The exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages between two people who have a relationship and are influenced by the partner’s messages.

Answer 1

Interpersonal communication

Question 2

Messages that are role-based, with little relational development or expressed emotion

Answer 2

impersonal communication

Question 3

A phenomenon surrounding online communication in which a lack of proximity, visual contact, or nonverbal cues results in enhanced intimacy.

Answer 3

hyperpersonal communication

Question 4

A web of relationships that connects individuals to one another.

Answer 4

Relational network

Question 5

A small social group bound by ties of blood, civil contract (such as marriage, civil union, or adoption), and a commitment to care for and be responsible for one another, usually in a shared household.

Answer 5

Family

Question 6

A close and caring relationship between two people that is perceived as mutually satisfying and beneficial.

Answer 6

Friendship

Question 7

Relationships that are functional within a specific context but are less intimate than friendships

Answer 7

Social Relationships

Question 8

A deep affection for and attachment to another person involving emotional ties, with varying degrees of passion, commitment, and intimacy

Answer 8

Love

Question 9

Closeness and understanding of a relational partner

Answer 9

Intimacy

Question 10

The theory that communicators use unique language and stylistic cues in their online messages to develop relationships that are as close as those that grow from face-to-face contact; because using text takes time, the process may take longer to become intimate

Answer 10

Social information processing theory

Question 11

A state of physical nearness

Answer 11

proximity

Question 12

To involve others in our lives and to be involved in the lives of others.

Answer 12

inclusion

Question 13

A theory that explains the process of balancing the advantages and disadvantages of a relationship.

Answer 13

Social exchange theory

Question 14

The beneficial elements of a relationship

Answer 14

Rewards

Question 15

The negative elements of a relationship

Answer 15

Cost

Question 16

The theory that when two people meet, their main focus is on decreasing the uncertainty about each other.

Answer 16

uncertainty reduction theory

Question 17

Observing others in communication situations without actually interacting with them.

Answer 17

passive strategies

Question 18

In relationship management, strategies that allow one to obtain information about a person more directly, by seeking information from a third party.

Answer 18

Active strategies

Question 19

In relationship management, strategies that allow one to obtain information by speaking directly with a person rather than observing or asking others for information about the person.

Answer 19

interactive strategies

Question 20

The theory that dialectical tensions are contradictory feelings that tug at us in every relationship.

Answer 20

Relational dialectics theory

Question 21

Tensions that arise when opposing or conflicting goals exist in a relationship; can be external or internal.

Answer 21

dialectical tensions

Question 22

The theory that partners move from superficial levels to greater intimacy through self-disclosure.

Answer 22

Social penetration theory

Question 23

An explanation of how people perceive the information they hold about themselves and whether they will disclose or protect it.

Answer 23

Communication privacy management theory

Question 24

Readjusting the need for privacy against the need for self-disclosure and connection when there is a threat to one’s privacy boundaries.

Answer 24

boundary turbulence

Question 25

When one or both relational partners maneuver the conversation away from undesirable topics because of the potential for embarrassment, vulnerability, or relational decline.

Answer 25

strategic topic avoidance

Question 26

Positive or negative events or changes that stand out in people’s minds as important to defining their relationships.

Answer 26

turning points

Question 27

The stage of a relationship in which one makes contact with another person.

Answer 27

Initiating stage

Question 28

The stage of a relationship in which one seeks relatively superficial information from one’s partner.

Answer 28

Exploratory stage

Question 29

The stage of a relationship in which relational partners become increasingly intimate and move their communication toward more personal self-disclosures

Answer 29

Intensification stage

Question 30

The stage of a relationship in which it is no longer volatile or temporary; both partners have a great deal of knowledge about one another, their expectations are accurate and realistic, and they feel comfortable with their motives for being in the relationship.

Answer 30

stable stage

Question 31

Two sub stages of the stable stage

Answer 31

integrating

bonding

Question 32

The process of relational partners sharing formal symbolic messages with the world that their relationship is important and cherished.

Answer 32

Bonding

Question 33

The stage at which a relationship begins to come apart

Answer 33

declining stage

Question 34

The end of a relationship; may come about by a gradual decline in the relationship or by sudden death.

Answer 34

Termination stage

Question 35

A repair strategy for rekindling a terminated relationship

Answer 35

Reconciliation

Question 36

The personally satisfying rewards that result from an exchange of intimacy are called _______ rewards.

Answer 36

intrinsic